Manpages - Net_SSLeay.3pm

This module offers some high level convenience functions for accessing web pages on SSL servers (for symmetry, the same API is offered for accessing http servers, too), an sslcat() function for writing your own clients, and finally access to the SSL api of the SSLeay/OpenSSL package so you can write servers or clients for more complicated applications.

For high level functions it is most convenient to import them into your main namespace as indicated in the synopsis.

Basic set of functions

• get_https
• post_https
• put_https
• head_https
• do_https
• sslcat
• https_cat
• make_form
• make_headers

Case 1 (in SYNOPSIS) demonstrates the typical invocation of get_https() to fetch an HTML page from secure server. The first argument provides the hostname or IP in dotted decimal notation of the remote server to contact. The second argument is the TCP port at the remote end (your own port is picked arbitrarily from high numbered ports as usual for TCP). The third argument is the URL of the page without the host name part. If in doubt consult the HTTP specifications at http://www.w3c.org.

Case 2 (in SYNOPSIS) demonstrates full fledged use of get_https(). As can be seen, get_https() parses the response and response headers and returns them as a list, which can be captured in a hash for later reference. Also a fourth argument to get_https() is used to insert some additional headers in the request. make_headers() is a function that will convert a list or hash to such headers. By default get_https() supplies Host (to make virtual hosting easy) and Accept (reportedly needed by IIS) headers.

Case 2b (in SYNOPSIS) demonstrates how to get a password protected page. Refer to the HTTP protocol specifications for further details (e.g. RFC-2617).

Case 3 (in SYNOPSIS) invokes post_https() to submit a HTML/CGI form to a secure server. The first four arguments are equal to get_https() (note that the empty string () is passed as header argument). The fifth argument is the contents of the form formatted according to CGI specification. Do not post UTF-8 data as content: use utf8::downgrade first. In this case the helper function make_https() is used to do the formatting, but you could pass any string. post_https() automatically adds Content-Type and Content-Length headers to the request.

Case 4 (in SYNOPSIS) shows the fundamental sslcat() function (inspired in spirit by the netcat utility :-). It’s your swiss army knife that allows you to easily contact servers, send some data, and then get the response. You are responsible for formatting the data and parsing the response - sslcat() is just a transport.

Case 5 (in SYNOPSIS) is a full invocation of sslcat() which allows the return of errors as well as the server (peer) certificate.

The $trace global variable can be used to control the verbosity of the high level functions. Level 0 guarantees silence, level 1 (the default) only emits error messages.

Alternate versions of high-level API

• get_https3
• post_https3
• put_https3
• get_https4
• post_https4
• put_https4

The above mentioned functions actually return the response headers as a list, which only gets converted to hash upon assignment (this assignment looses information if the same header occurs twice, as may be the case with cookies). There are also other variants of the functions that return unprocessed headers and that return a reference to a hash.

($page, $response, @headers) = get_https(www.bacus.pt, 443, /); for ($i = 0; $i < $#headers; $i+=2) { print “$headers[$i] = ” . $headers[$i+1] . “\n”; } ($page, $response, $headers, $server_cert) = get_https3(www.bacus.pt, 443, /); print “$headers\n”; ($page, $response, $headers_ref) = get_https4(www.bacus.pt, 443, /); for $k (sort keys %{$headers_ref}) { for $v (@{$$headers_ref{$k}}) { print “$k = $v\n”; } }

All of the above code fragments accomplish the same thing: display all values of all headers. The API functions ending in 3 return the headers simply as a scalar string and it is up to the application to split them up. The functions ending in 4 return a reference to a hash of arrays (see perlref and perllol if you are not familiar with complex perl data structures). To access a single value of such a header hash you would do something like

print $$headers_ref{COOKIE}[0];

Variants 3 and 4 also allow you to discover the server certificate in case you would like to store or display it, e.g.

($p, $resp, $hdrs, $server_cert) = get_https3(www.bacus.pt, 443, /); if (!defined($server_cert) || ($server_cert == 0)) { warn “Subject Name: undefined, Issuer Name: undefined”; } else { warn Subject Name: . Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_oneline( Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subject_name($server_cert)) . Issuer Name: . Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_oneline( Net::SSLeay::X509_get_issuer_name($server_cert)); }

Beware that this method only allows after the fact verification of the certificate: by the time get_https3() has returned the https request has already been sent to the server, whether you decide to trust it or not. To do the verification correctly you must either employ the OpenSSL certificate verification framework or use the lower level API to first connect and verify the certificate and only then send the http data. See the implementation of ds_https3() for guidance on how to do this.

Using client certificates

Secure web communications are encrypted using symmetric crypto keys exchanged using encryption based on the certificate of the server. Therefore in all SSL connections the server must have a certificate. This serves both to authenticate the server to the clients and to perform the key exchange.

Sometimes it is necessary to authenticate the client as well. Two options are available: HTTP basic authentication and a client side certificate. The basic authentication over HTTPS is actually quite safe because HTTPS guarantees that the password will not travel in the clear. Never-the-less, problems like easily guessable passwords remain. The client certificate method involves authentication of the client at the SSL level using a certificate. For this to work, both the client and the server have certificates (which typically are different) and private keys.

The API functions outlined above accept additional arguments that allow one to supply the client side certificate and key files. The format of these files is the same as used for server certificates and the caveat about encrypting private keys applies.

($page, $result, %headers) = # 2c = get_https(www.bacus.pt, 443, /protected.html, make_headers(Authorization => Basic . MIME::Base64::encode(“$user:$pass”,)), , $mime_type6, $path_to_crt7, $path_to_key8); ($page, $response, %reply_headers) = post_https(www.bacus.pt, 443, /foo.cgi, # 3b make_headers(Authorization => Basic . MIME::Base64::encode(“$user:$pass”,)), make_form(OK => 1, name => Sampo), $mime_type6, $path_to_crt7, $path_to_key8);

Case 2c (in SYNOPSIS) demonstrates getting a password protected page that also requires a client certificate, i.e. it is possible to use both authentication methods simultaneously.

Case 3b (in SYNOPSIS) is a full blown POST to a secure server that requires both password authentication and a client certificate, just like in case 2c.

Note: The client will not send a certificate unless the server requests one. This is typically achieved by setting the verify mode to VERIFY_PEER on the server:

Net::SSLeay::set_verify(ssl, Net::SSLeay::VERIFY_PEER, 0);

See perldoc ~openssl/doc/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.pod for a full description.

Working through a web proxy

• set_proxy

Net::SSLeay can use a web proxy to make its connections. You need to first set the proxy host and port using set_proxy() and then just use the normal API functions, e.g:

Net::SSLeay::set_proxy(gateway.myorg.com, 8080); ($page) = get_https(www.bacus.pt, 443, /);

If your proxy requires authentication, you can supply a username and password as well

Net::SSLeay::set_proxy(gateway.myorg.com, 8080, joe, salainen); ($page, $result, %headers) = = get_https(www.bacus.pt, 443, /protected.html, make_headers(Authorization => Basic . MIME::Base64::encode(“susie:pass”,)) );

This example demonstrates the case where we authenticate to the proxy as "joe" and to the final web server as "susie". Proxy authentication requires the MIME::Base64 module to work.

HTTP (without S) API

• get_http
• post_http
• tcpcat
• get_httpx
• post_httpx
• tcpxcat

Over the years it has become clear that it would be convenient to use the light-weight flavour API of Net::SSLeay for normal HTTP as well (see LWP for the heavy-weight object-oriented approach). In fact it would be nice to be able to flip https on and off on the fly. Thus regular HTTP support was evolved.

use Net::SSLeay qw(get_http post_http tcpcat get_httpx post_httpx tcpxcat make_headers make_form); ($page, $result, %headers) = get_http(www.bacus.pt, 443, /protected.html, make_headers(Authorization => Basic . MIME::Base64::encode(“$user:$pass”,)) ); ($page, $response, %reply_headers) = post_http(www.bacus.pt, 443, /foo.cgi, , make_form(OK => 1, name => Sampo )); ($reply, $err) = tcpcat($host, $port, $request); ($page, $result, %headers) = get_httpx($usessl, www.bacus.pt, 443, /protected.html, make_headers(Authorization => Basic . MIME::Base64::encode(“$user:$pass”,)) ); ($page, $response, %reply_headers) = post_httpx($usessl, www.bacus.pt, 443, /foo.cgi, , make_form(OK => 1, name => Sampo )); ($reply, $err, $server_cert) = tcpxcat($usessl, $host, $port, $request);

As can be seen, the "x" family of APIs takes as the first argument a flag which indicates whether SSL is used or not.

OpenSSL supports the ability to verify peer certificates. It can also optionally check the peer certificate against a Certificate Revocation List (CRL) from the certificates issuer. A CRL is a file, created by the certificate issuer that lists all the certificates that it previously signed, but which it now revokes. CRLs are in PEM format.

You can enable Net::SSLeay CRL checking like this:

&Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_flags (&Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_cert_store($ssl), &Net::SSLeay::X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK);

After setting this flag, if OpenSSL checks a peer’s certificate, then it will attempt to find a CRL for the issuer. It does this by looking for a specially named file in the search directory specified by CTX_load_verify_locations. CRL files are named with the hash of the issuer’s subject name, followed by .r0, .r1 etc. For example ab1331b2.r0, ab1331b2.r1. It will read all the .r files for the issuer, and then check for a revocation of the peer certificate in all of them. (You can also force it to look in a specific named CRL file., see below). You can find out the hash of the issuer subject name in a CRL with

openssl crl -in crl.pem -hash -noout

If the peer certificate does not pass the revocation list, or if no CRL is found, then the handshaking fails with an error.

You can also force OpenSSL to look for CRLs in one or more arbitrarily named files.

my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($crlfilename, r); my $crl = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL($bio); if ($crl) { Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_crl( Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_cert_store($ssl, $crl) ); } else { error reading CRL…. }

Usually the URLs where you can download the CRLs is contained in the certificate itself and you can extract them with

my @url = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_crl_distribution_points($cert)

But there is no automatic downloading of the CRLs and often these CRLs are too huge to just download them to verify a single certificate. Also, these CRLs are often in DER format which you need to convert to PEM before you can use it:

openssl crl -in crl.der -inform der -out crl.pem

So as an alternative for faster and timely revocation checks you better use the Online Status Revocation Protocol (OCSP).

While checking for revoked certificates is possible and fast with Certificate Revocation Lists, you need to download the complete and often huge list before you can verify a single certificate.

A faster way is to ask the CA to check the revocation of just a single or a few certificates using OCSP. Basically you generate for each certificate an OCSP_CERTID based on the certificate itself and its issuer, put the ids togetether into an OCSP_REQUEST and send the request to the URL given in the certificate.

As a result you get back an OCSP_RESPONSE and need to check the status of the response, check that it is valid (e.g. signed by the CA) and finally extract the information about each OCSP_CERTID to find out if the certificate is still valid or got revoked.

With Net::SSLeay this can be done like this:

get_peer_cert_chain. This will croak if # - one tries to make an OCSP_CERTID for a self-signed certificate # - the issuer of the certificate cannot be found in the SSL objects # store, nor in the current certificate chain my $cert = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_certificate($ssl); my $id = eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_cert2ids($ssl,$cert) }; die “failed to make OCSP_CERTID: $@” if $@; # create OCSP_REQUEST from id(s) # Multiple can be put into the same request, if the same OCSP responder # is responsible for them. my $req = Net::SSLeay::OCSP_ids2req($id); # determine URI of OCSP responder my $uri = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ocsp_uri($cert); # Send stringified OCSP_REQUEST with POST to $uri. # We can ignore certificate verification for https, because the OCSP # response itself is signed. my $ua = :Tiny->new(verify_SSL > 0); my $res = $ua->request( POST,$uri, { headers => { Content-type => application/ocsp-request }, content => Net::SSLeay::i2d_OCSP_REQUEST($req) }); my $content = $res && $res->{success} && $res->{content} or die "query failed"; # Extract OCSP_RESPONSE. # this will croak if the string is not an OCSP_RESPONSE my $resp = eval { Net::SSLeay::d2i_OCSP_RESPONSE($content) }; # Check status of response. my $status = Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_status($resp); if ($status ! Net::SSLeay::OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_SUCCESSFUL()) die “OCSP response failed: ”. Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_status_str($status); } # Verify signature of response and if nonce matches request. # This will croak if there is a nonce in the response, but it does not match # the request. It will return false if the signature could not be verified, # in which case details can be retrieved with Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error. # It will not complain if the response does not contain a nonce, which is # usually the case with pre-signed responses. if ( ! eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_verify($ssl,$resp,$req) }) { die “OCSP response verification failed”; } # Extract information from OCSP_RESPONSE for each of the ids. # If called in scalar context it will return the time (as time_t), when the # next update is due (minimum of all successful responses inside $resp). It # will croak on the following problems: # - response is expired or not yet valid # - no response for given OCSP_CERTID # - certificate status is not good (e.g. revoked or unknown) if ( my $nextupd = eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_results($resp,$id) }) { warn “certificate is valid, next update in ”. ($nextupd-time()).“ seconds\n”; } else { die “certificate is not valid: $@”; } # But in array context it will return detailed information about each given # OCSP_CERTID instead croaking on errors: # if no @ids are given it will return information about all single responses # in the OCSP_RESPONSE my @results = Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_results($resp,@ids); for my $r (@results) { print Dumper($r); # @results are in the same order as the @ids and contain: # $r->[0] - OCSP_CERTID # $r->[1] - undef if no error (certificate good) OR error message as string # $r->[2] - hash with details: # thisUpdate - time_t of this single response # nextUpdate - time_t when update is expected # statusType - integer: # V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_GOOD(0) # V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_REVOKED(1) # V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_UNKNOWN(2) # revocationTime - time_t (only if revoked)

reason as string (only if revoked) }

To further speed up certificate revocation checking one can use a TLS extension to instruct the server to staple the OCSP response:

Net::SSLeay::set_tlsext_status_type($ssl, Net::SSLeay::TLSEXT_STATUSTYPE_ocsp()); # setup callback to verify OCSP response my $cert_valid = undef; Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_status_cb($context,sub { my ($ssl,$resp) = @_; if (!$resp) { # Lots of servers dont return an OCSP response. # In this case we must check the OCSP status outside the SSL # handshake. warn “server did not return stapled OCSP response\n”; return 1; } # verify status my $status = Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_status($resp); if ($status != Net::SSLeay::OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_SUCCESSFUL()) { warn “OCSP response failure: $status\n”; return 1; } # verify signature - we have no OCSP_REQUEST here to check nonce if (!eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_verify($ssl,$resp) }) { warn “OCSP response verify failed\n”; return 1; } # check if the certificate is valid # we should check here against the peer_certificate my $cert = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_certificate(); my $certid = eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_cert2ids($ssl,$cert) } or do { warn “cannot get certid from cert: $@”; $cert_valid = -1; return 1; }; if ( $nextupd = eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_results($resp,$certid) }) { warn “certificate not revoked\n”; $cert_valid = 1; } else { warn “certificate not valid: $@”; $cert_valid = 0; } }); # do SSL handshake here …. # check if certificate revocation was checked already if ( ! defined $cert_valid) {

} elsif ( ! $cert_valid ) { die “certificate not valid - closing SSL connection”; } elsif ( $cert_valid<0 ) { die “cannot verify certificate revocation - self-signed ?”; } else { # everything fine … }

IMPORTANT: versions 1.42 or earlier are not thread-safe!

Net::SSLeay module implements all necessary stuff to be ready for multi-threaded environment - it requires openssl-0.9.7 or newer. The implementation fully follows thread safety related requirements of openssl library(see http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/threads.html).

If you are about to use Net::SSLeay (or any other module based on Net::SSLeay) in multi-threaded perl application it is recommended to follow this best-practice:

Initialization

Load and initialize Net::SSLeay module in the main thread:

use threads; use Net::SSLeay; Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize(); sub do_master_job { #… call whatever from Net::SSLeay } sub do_worker_job { #… call whatever from Net::SSLeay } #start threads my $master = threads->new(\&do_master_job, param1, param2); my @workers = threads->new(\&do_worker_job, arg1, arg2) for (1..10); #waiting for all threads to finish $_->join() for (threads->list);

NOTE: Openssl’s int SSL_library_init(void) function (which is also aliased as SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms, OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms and add_ssl_algorithms) is not re-entrant and multiple calls can cause a crash in threaded application. Net::SSLeay implements flags preventing repeated calls to this function, therefore even multiple initialization via Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms() should work without trouble.

Using callbacks

Do not use callbacks across threads (the module blocks cross-thread callback operations and throws a warning). Always do the callback setup, callback use and callback destruction within the same thread.

Using openssl elements

All openssl elements (X509, SSL_CTX, …) can be directly passed between threads.

use threads; use Net::SSLeay; Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize(); sub do_job { my $context = shift; Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($context, sub { “secret” }); #… } my $c = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new(); threads->create(\&do_job, $c);

Or:

use threads; use Net::SSLeay; my $context; #does not need to be shared Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize(); sub do_job { Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($context, sub { “secret” }); #… } $context = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new(); threads->create(\&do_job);

Using other perl modules based on Net::SSLeay

It should be fine to use any other module based on Net::SSLeay (like IO::Socket::SSL) in multi-threaded applications. It is generally recommended to do any global initialization of such a module in the main thread before calling threads->new(..) or threads->create(..) but it might differ module by module.

To be safe you can load and init Net::SSLeay explicitly in the main thread:

use Net::SSLeay; use Other::SSLeay::Based::Module; Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize();

Or even safer:

use Net::SSLeay; use Other::SSLeay::Based::Module; BEGIN { Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize(); }

Combining Net::SSLeay with other modules linked with openssl

BEWARE: This might be a big trouble! This is not guaranteed be thread-safe!

There are many other (XS) modules linked directly to openssl library (like Crypt::SSLeay).

As it is expected that also another module will call SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms at some point we have again a trouble with multiple openssl initialization by Net::SSLeay and another module.

As you can expect Net::SSLeay is not able to avoid multiple initialization of openssl library called by another module, thus you have to handle this on your own (in some cases it might not be possible at all to avoid this).

Threading with get_https and friends

The convenience functions get_https, post_https etc all initialize the SSL library by calling Net::SSLeay::initialize which does the conventional library initialization:

Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize();

Net::SSLeay::initialize initializes the SSL library at most once. You can override the Net::SSLeay::initialize function if you desire some other type of initialization behaviour by get_https and friends. You can call Net::SSLeay::initialize from your own code if you desire this conventional library initialization.

To be used with Low level API

Net::SSLeay::randomize($rn_seed_file,$additional_seed); Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($ctx, $cert_path, $key_path); $cert = Net::SSLeay::dump_peer_certificate($ssl); Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, $message) or die “ssl write failure”; $got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_all($ssl) or die “ssl read failure”; $got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_CRLF($ssl [, $max_length]); $got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_until($ssl [, $delimit [, $max_length]]); Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_CRLF($ssl, $message);

• randomize seeds the openssl PRNG with /dev/urandom (see the top of SSLeay.pm for how to change or configure this) and optionally with user provided data. It is very important to properly seed your random numbers, so do not forget to call this. The high level API functions automatically call randomize() so it is not needed with them. See also caveats.
• set_cert_and_key takes two file names as arguments and sets the certificate and private key to those. This can be used to set either server certificates or client certificates.
• dump_peer_certificate allows you to get a plaintext description of the certificate the peer (usually the server) presented to us.
• ssl_read_all see ssl_write_all (below)
• ssl_write_all ssl_read_all() and ssl_write_all() provide true blocking semantics for these operations (see limitation, below, for explanation). These are much preferred to the low level API equivalents (which implement BSD blocking semantics). The message argument to ssl_write_all() can be a reference. This is helpful to avoid unnecessary copying when writing something big, e.g: $data = A x 1000000000; Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, \$data) or die “ssl write failed”;
• ssl_read_CRLF uses ssl_read_all() to read in a line terminated with a carriage return followed by a linefeed (CRLF). The CRLF is included in the returned scalar.
• ssl_read_until uses ssl_read_all() to read from the SSL input stream until it encounters a programmer specified delimiter. If the delimiter is undefined, $/ is used. If $/ is undefined, \n is used. One can optionally set a maximum length of bytes to read from the SSL input stream.
• ssl_write_CRLF writes $message and appends CRLF to the SSL output stream.

In order to use the low level API you should start your programs with the following incantation:

use Net::SSLeay qw(die_now die_if_ssl_error); Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); # Important! Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_load_builtin_engines(); # If you want built-in engines Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_register_all_complete(); # If you want built-in engines Net::SSLeay::randomize();

I can not emphasize the need to check for error enough. Use these functions even in the most simple programs, they will reduce debugging time greatly. Do not ask questions on the mailing list without having first sprinkled these in your code.

• die_now
• die_if_ssl_error die_now() and die_if_ssl_error() are used to conveniently print the SSLeay error stack when something goes wrong: Net::SSLeay::connect(\(ssl) or die_now("Failed SSL connect (\)!)“); Net::SSLeay::write(\(ssl, "foo") or die_if_ssl_error("SSL write (\)!)”);
• print_errs You can also use Net::SSLeay::print_errs() to dump the error stack without exiting the program. As can be seen, your code becomes much more readable if you import the error reporting functions into your main name space.

Perl uses file handles for all I/O. While SSLeay has a quite flexible BIO mechanism and perl has an evolved PerlIO mechanism, this module still sticks to using file descriptors. Thus to attach SSLeay to a socket you should use fileno() to extract the underlying file descriptor:

Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno(S)); # Must use fileno

You should also set $| to 1 to eliminate STDIO buffering so you do not get confused if you use perl I/O functions to manipulate your socket handle.

If you need to select(2) on the socket, go right ahead, but be warned that OpenSSL does some internal buffering so SSL_read does not always return data even if the socket selected for reading (just keep on selecting and trying to read). Net::SSLeay is no different from the C language OpenSSL in this respect.

You can establish a per-context verify callback function something like this:

sub verify { my ($ok, $x509_store_ctx) = @_; print “Verifying certificate…\n”; … return $ok; }

It is used like this:

Net::SSLeay::set_verify ($ssl, Net::SSLeay::VERIFY_PEER, \&verify);

Per-context callbacks for decrypting private keys are implemented.

Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($ctx, sub { “top-secret” }); Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PrivateKey_file($ctx, “key.pem”, Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM) or die “Error reading private key”; Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($ctx, undef);

If Hello Extensions are supported by your OpenSSL, a session secret callback can be set up to be called when a session secret is set by openssl.

Establish it like this: Net::SSLeay::set_session_secret_cb($ssl, \&session_secret_cb, $somedata);

It will be called like this:

sub session_secret_cb { my ($secret, \@cipherlist, \$preferredcipher, $somedata) = @_; }

No other callbacks are implemented. You do not need to use any callback for simple (i.e. normal) cases where the SSLeay built-in verify mechanism satisfies your needs.

It is required to reset these callbacks to undef immediately after use to prevent memory leaks, thread safety problems and crashes on exit that can occur if different threads set different callbacks.

If you want to use callback stuff, see examples/callback.pl! It’s the only one I am able to make work reliably.

In addition to the high level functions outlined above, this module contains straight-forward access to CRYPTO and SSL parts of OpenSSL C API.

See the *.h headers from OpenSSL C distribution for a list of low level SSLeay functions to call (check SSLeay.xs to see if some function has been implemented). The module strips the initial "SSL_" off of the SSLeay names. Generally you should use Net::SSLeay:: in its place.

Note that some functions are prefixed with "P_" - these are very close to the original API however contain some kind of a wrapper making its interface more perl friendly.

For example:

In C:

#include <ssl.h> err = SSL_set_verify (ssl, SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE, &your_call_back_here);

In Perl:

use Net::SSLeay; $err = Net::SSLeay::set_verify ($ssl, Net::SSLeay::VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE, \&your_call_back_here);

If the function does not start with SSL_ you should use the full function name, e.g.:

$err = Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error;

The following new functions behave in perlish way:

$got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl); # Performs SSL_read, but returns $got # resized according to data received. # Returns undef on failure. Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, $foo) || die; # Performs SSL_write, but automatically # figures out the size of $foo

Low level API: Version related functions

• SSLeay COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before Gives version number (numeric) of underlaying openssl library. my $ver_number = Net::SSLeay::SSLeay(); # returns: the number identifying the openssl release # # 0x00903100 => openssl-0.9.3 # 0x00904100 => openssl-0.9.4 # 0x00905100 => openssl-0.9.5 # 0x0090600f => openssl-0.9.6 # 0x0090601f => openssl-0.9.6a # 0x0090602f => openssl-0.9.6b # … # 0x009060df => openssl-0.9.6m # 0x0090700f => openssl-0.9.7 # 0x0090701f => openssl-0.9.7a # 0x0090702f => openssl-0.9.7b # … # 0x009070df => openssl-0.9.7m # 0x0090800f => openssl-0.9.8 # 0x0090801f => openssl-0.9.8a # 0x0090802f => openssl-0.9.8b # … # 0x0090814f => openssl-0.9.8t # 0x1000000f => openssl-1.0.0 # 0x1000004f => openssl-1.0.0d # 0x1000007f => openssl-1.0.0g You can use it like this: if (Net::SSLeay::SSLeay() < 0x0090800f) { die “you need openssl-0.9.8 or higher”; }
• SSLeay_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before Gives version number (string) of underlaying openssl library. my $ver_string = Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_version($type); # $type # SSLEAY_VERSION - e.g. OpenSSL 1.0.0d 8 Feb 2011 # SSLEAY_CFLAGS - e.g. compiler: gcc -D_WINDLL -DOPENSSL_USE_APPLINK ….. # SSLEAY_BUILT_ON - e.g. built on: Fri May 6 00:00:46 GMT 2011 # SSLEAY_PLATFORM - e.g. platform: mingw # SSLEAY_DIR - e.g. OPENSSLDIR: “z:/….” # # returns: string Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_version(); #is equivalent to Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION); Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/crypto/SSLeay_version.html
• OpenSSL_version_num COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0 Gives version number (numeric) of underlaying openssl library. See SSLeay for interpreting the result. my $ver_number = Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_version_num(); # returns: the number identifying the openssl release
• OpenSSL_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0 Gives version number (string) of underlaying openssl library. my $ver_string = Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_version($t); # $t # OPENSSL_VERSION - e.g. OpenSSL 1.1.0g 2 Nov 2017 # OPENSSL_CFLAGS - e.g. compiler: cc -DDSO_DLFCN -DHAVE_DLFCN_H ….. # OPENSSL_BUILT_ON - e.g. built on: reproducible build, date unspecified # OPENSSL_PLATFORM - e.g. platform: darwin64-x86_64-cc # OPENSSL_DIR - e.g. OPENSSLDIR: “/opt/openssl-1.1.0g” # OPENSSL_ENGINES_DIR - e.g. ENGINESDIR: “/opt/openssl-1.1.0g/lib/engines-1.1” # # returns: string Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_version(); #is equivalent to Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_version(OPENSSL_VERSION); Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OpenSSL_version.html

Low level API: Initialization related functions

• library_init Initialize SSL library by registering algorithms. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::library_init(); Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_library_init.html While the original function from OpenSSL always returns 1, Net::SSLeay adds a wrapper around it to make sure that the OpenSSL function is only called once. Thus the function will return 1 if initialization was done and 0 if not, i.e. if initialization was done already before.
• add_ssl_algorithms The alias for library_init Net::SSLeay::add_ssl_algorithms();
• OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms The alias for library_init Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms();
• SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms The alias for library_init Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
• load_error_strings Registers the error strings for all libcrypto + libssl related functions. Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_load_crypto_strings.html
• ERR_load_crypto_strings Registers the error strings for all libcrypto functions. No need to call this function if you have already called load_error_strings. Net::SSLeay::ERR_load_crypto_strings(); # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_load_crypto_strings.html
• ERR_load_RAND_strings Registers the error strings for RAND related functions. No need to call this function if you have already called load_error_strings. Net::SSLeay::ERR_load_RAND_strings(); # # returns: no return value
• ERR_load_SSL_strings Registers the error strings for SSL related functions. No need to call this function if you have already called load_error_strings. Net::SSLeay::ERR_load_SSL_strings(); # # returns: no return value
• OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Add algorithms to internal table. Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms(); # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms.html
• OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_conf COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Similar to OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms - will ALWAYS load the config file Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_conf(); # # returns: no return value
• OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_noconf COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Similar to OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms - will NEVER load the config file Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_noconf(); # # returns: no return value

Low level API: ERR_* and SSL_alert_* related functions

NOTE: Please note that SSL_alert_* function have SSL_ part stripped from their names.

• ERR_clear_error Clear the error queue. Net::SSLeay::ERR_clear_error();

  http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_clear_error.html

• ERR_error_string Generates a human-readable string representing the error code $error. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string($error); # $error - (unsigned integer) error code # # returns: string Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_error_string.html
• ERR_get_error Returns the earliest error code from the thread’s error queue and removes the entry. This function can be called repeatedly until there are no more error codes to return. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error(); # # returns: (unsigned integer) error code Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_get_error.html

• ERR_peek_error Returns the earliest error code from the thread’s error queue without modifying it. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ERR_peek_error(); #

  http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_get_error.html

• ERR_put_error Adds an error code to the thread’s error queue. It signals that the error of $reason code reason occurred in function $func of library $lib, in line number $line of $file. Net::SSLeay::ERR_put_error($lib, $func, $reason, $file, $line); # $lib - (integer) library id (check openssl/err.h for constants e.g. ERR_LIB_SSL) # $func - (integer) function id (check openssl/ssl.h for constants e.g. SSL_F_SSL23_READ) # $reason - (integer) reason id (check openssl/ssl.h for constants e.g. SSL_R_SSL_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE) # $file - (string) file name # $line - (integer) line number in $file #

  http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_put_error.html and http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/err.html

• alert_desc_string Returns a two letter string as a short form describing the reason of the alert specified by value. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_desc_string($value); # $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants) # # returns: description string (2 letters) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html

• alert_desc_string_long Returns a string describing the reason of the alert specified by value. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_desc_string_long($value); # $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants)

  http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html

• alert_type_string Returns a one letter string indicating the type of the alert specified by value. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_type_string($value); # $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants) # # returns: string (1 letter) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html

• alert_type_string_long Returns a string indicating the type of the alert specified by value. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_type_string_long($value); # $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants)

  http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html

Low level API: SSL_METHOD_* related functions

• SSLv23_method, SSLv23_server_method and SSLv23_client_method COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before. Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to general-purpose version-flexible TLS method, the return value can be later used as a param of CTX_new_with_method. NOTE: Consider using TLS_method, TLS_server_method or TLS_client_method with new code. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SSLv2_method(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
• SSLv2_method Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to SSLv2 method, the return value can be later used as a param of CTX_new_with_method. Only available where supported by the underlying openssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SSLv2_method(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
• SSLv3_method Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to SSLv3 method, the return value can be later used as a param of CTX_new_with_method. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SSLv3_method(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html
• TLSv1_method, TLSv1_server_method and TLSv1_client_method COMPATIBILITY: Server and client methods not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before. Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to TLSv1 method, the return value can be later used as a param of CTX_new_with_method. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::TLSv1_method(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html
• TLSv1_1_method, TLSv1_1_server_method and TLSv1_1_client_method COMPATIBILITY: Server and client methods not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before. Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to TLSv1_1 method, the return value can be later used as a param of CTX_new_with_method. Only available where supported by the underlying openssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::TLSv1_1_method(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html
• TLSv1_2_method, TLSv1_2_server_method and TLSv1_2_client_method COMPATIBILITY: Server and client methods not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before. Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to TLSv1_2 method, the return value can be later used as a param of CTX_new_with_method. Only available where supported by the underlying openssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::TLSv1_2_method(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html
• TLS_method, TLS_server_method and TLS_client_method COMPATIBILITY: Not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before. Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to general-purpose version-flexible TLS method, the return value can be later used as a param of CTX_new_with_method. Only available where supported by the underlying openssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::TLS_method(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html

Low level API: ENGINE_* related functions

• ENGINE_load_builtin_engines COMPATIBILITY: Requires an OpenSSL build with dynamic engine loading support. Load all bundled ENGINEs into memory and make them visible. Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_load_builtin_engines(); # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html
• ENGINE_register_all_complete COMPATIBILITY: Requires an OpenSSL build with dynamic engine loading support. Register all loaded ENGINEs for every algorithm they collectively implement. Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_register_all_complete(); # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html
• ENGINE_set_default COMPATIBILITY: Requires an OpenSSL build with dynamic engine loading support. Set default engine to $e + set its flags to $flags. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_set_default($e, $flags); # $e - value corresponding to openssls ENGINE structure # $flags - (integer) engine flags # flags value can be made by bitwise “OR”ing: # 0x0001 - ENGINE_METHOD_RSA # 0x0002 - ENGINE_METHOD_DSA # 0x0004 - ENGINE_METHOD_DH # 0x0008 - ENGINE_METHOD_RAND # 0x0010 - ENGINE_METHOD_ECDH # 0x0020 - ENGINE_METHOD_ECDSA # 0x0040 - ENGINE_METHOD_CIPHERS # 0x0080 - ENGINE_METHOD_DIGESTS # 0x0100 - ENGINE_METHOD_STORE # 0x0200 - ENGINE_METHOD_PKEY_METHS # 0x0400 - ENGINE_METHOD_PKEY_ASN1_METHS # Obvious all-or-nothing cases: # 0xFFFF - ENGINE_METHOD_ALL # 0x0000 - ENGINE_METHOD_NONE # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html
• ENGINE_by_id Get ENGINE by its identification $id. COMPATIBILITY: Requires an OpenSSL build with dynamic engine loading support. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_by_id($id); # $id - (string) engine identification e.g. “dynamic” # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ENGINE structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html

Low level API: EVP_PKEY_* related functions

• EVP_PKEY_copy_parameters Copies the parameters from key $from to key $to. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_copy_parameters($to, $from); # $to - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # $from - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_cmp.html
• EVP_PKEY_new COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Creates a new EVP_PKEY structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_new.html
• EVP_PKEY_free COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Free an allocated EVP_PKEY structure. Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_free($pkey); # $pkey - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_new.html
• EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Set the key referenced by $pkey to $key NOTE: No reference counter will be increased, i.e. $key will be freed if $pkey is freed. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA($pkey, $key); # $pkey - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # $key - value corresponding to openssls RSA structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA.html
• EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.74 and before Set the key referenced by $pkey to $key NOTE: No reference counter will be increased, i.e. $key will be freed if $pkey is freed. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY($pkey, $key); # $pkey - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # $key - value corresponding to openssls EC_KEY structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY.html
• EVP_PKEY_bits COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns the size of the key $pkey in bits. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_bits($pkey); # $pkey - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: size in bits

• EVP_PKEY_size COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns the maximum size of a signature in bytes. The actual signature may be smaller. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_size($pkey);

  returns: the maximum size in bytes Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_SignInit.html

• EVP_PKEY_id COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.0 Returns $pkey type (integer value of corresponding NID). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_id($pkey);

  returns: (integer) key type Example: my $pubkey = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_pubkey($x509); my $type = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_id($pubkey); print Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn($type); #prints e.g. rsaEncryption

Low level API: PEM_* related functions

Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/pem.html

• PEM_read_bio_X509 COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Loads PEM formatted X509 certificate via given BIO structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509($bio); # $bio - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509 structure (0 on failure) Example: my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, r); my $x509 = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
• PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Loads PEM formatted X509_REQ object via given BIO structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ($bio, $x=NULL, $cb=NULL, $u=NULL); # $bio - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure (0 on failure) Example: my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, r); my $x509_req = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
• PEM_read_bio_DHparams Reads DH structure from BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_DHparams($bio); # $bio - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls DH structure (0 on failure)
• PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL Reads X509_CRL structure from BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL($bio); # $bio - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure (0 on failure)
• PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Loads PEM formatted private key via given BIO structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, $cb, $data); # $bio - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # $cb - reference to perl callback function # $data - data that will be passed to callback function (see examples below) # # returns: value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure) Example: my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, r); my $privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio); #ask for password if needed Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio); To use password you have the following options: $privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, \&callback_func); # use callback func for getting password $privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, \&callback_func, $data); # use callback_func + pass $data to callback_func $privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, undef, “secret”); # use password “secret” $privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, undef, “”); # use empty password Callback function signature: sub callback_func { my ($max_passwd_size, $rwflag, $data) = @_; # $max_passwd_size - maximum size of returned password (longer values will be discarded) # $rwflag - indicates whether we are loading (0) or storing (1) - for PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey always 0 # $data - the data passed to PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey as 3rd parameter return “secret”; }
• PEM_X509_INFO_read_bio Reads a BIO containing a PEM formatted file into a STACK_OF(X509_INFO) structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_X509_INFO_read_bio($bio); # $bio - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509_INFO) structure. Example: my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, r); my $sk_x509_info = Net::SSLeay::PEM_X509_INFO_read_bio($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
• PEM_get_string_X509 NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Converts/exports X509 certificate to string (PEM format). Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509($x509); # $x509 - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: string with $x509 in PEM format
• PEM_get_string_PrivateKey COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Converts public key $pk into PEM formatted string (optionally protected with password). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk, $passwd, $enc_alg); # $pk - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # $passwd - [optional] (string) password to use for key encryption # $enc_alg - [optional] algorithm to use for key encryption (default: DES_CBC) - value corresponding to openssls EVP_CIPHER structure # # returns: PEM formatted string Examples: $pem_privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk); $pem_privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk, “secret”); $pem_privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk, “secret”, Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_cipherbyname(“DES-EDE3-CBC”));

• PEM_get_string_X509_CRL COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Converts X509_CRL object $x509_crl into PEM formatted string. Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509_CRL($x509_crl);

  returns: no return value

• PEM_get_string_X509_REQ COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Converts X509_REQ object $x509_crl into PEM formatted string. Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509_REQ($x509_req);

  returns: no return value

Low level API: d2i_* (DER format) related functions

• d2i_X509_bio COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Loads DER formatted X509 certificate via given BIO structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_bio($bp); # $bp - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509 structure (0 on failure) Example: my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, rb); my $x509 = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_bio($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio); Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/d2i_X509.html
• d2i_X509_CRL_bio COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Loads DER formatted X509_CRL object via given BIO structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_CRL_bio($bp); # $bp - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure (0 on failure) Example: my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, rb); my $x509_crl = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_CRL_bio($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
• d2i_X509_REQ_bio COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Loads DER formatted X509_REQ object via given BIO structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_REQ_bio($bp); # $bp - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure (0 on failure) Example: my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, rb); my $x509_req = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_REQ_bio($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);

Low level API: PKCS12 related functions

• P_PKCS12_load_file COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Loads X509 certificate + private key + certificates of CA chain (if present in PKCS12 file). my ($privkey, $cert, @cachain) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, $load_chain, $password); # $filename - name of PKCS12 file # $load_chain - [optional] whether load (1) or not(0) CA chain (default: 0) # $password - [optional] password for private key # # returns: triplet ($privkey, $cert, @cachain) # $privkey - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # $cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # @cachain - array of values corresponding to openssls X509 structure (empty if no CA chain in PKCS12) IMPORTANT NOTE: after you do the job you need to call X509_free() on $privkey + all members of @cachain and EVP_PKEY_free() on $privkey. Examples: my ($privkey, $cert) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename); #or my ($privkey, $cert) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 0, $password); #or my ($privkey, $cert, @cachain) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 1); #or my ($privkey, $cert, @cachain) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 1, $password); #BEWARE: THIS IS WRONG - MEMORY LEAKS! (you cannot free @cachain items) my ($privkey, $cert) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 1, $password); NOTE With some combinations of Windows, perl, compiler and compiler options, you may see a runtime error no OPENSSL_Applink, when calling Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file. See README.Win32 for more details.

Low level API: SESSION_* related functions

• d2i_SSL_SESSION COMPATIBILITY: does not work in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before Transforms the binary ASN1 representation string of an SSL/TLS session into an SSL_SESSION object. my $ses = Net::SSLeay::d2i_SSL_SESSION($data); # $data - the session as ASN1 representation string # # returns: $ses - the new SSL_SESSION Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/i2d_SSL_SESSION.html
• i2d_SSL_SESSION COMPATIBILITY: does not work in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before Transforms the SSL_SESSION object in into the ASN1 representation and returns it as string. my $data = Net::SSLeay::i2d_SSL_SESSION($ses); # $ses - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: $data - session as string Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/d2i_SSL_SESSION.html
• SESSION_new Creates a new SSL_SESSION structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure (0 on failure)
• SESSION_free Free an allocated SSL_SESSION structure. Net::SSLeay::SESSION_free($ses); # $ses - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_free.html
• SESSION_up_ref COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0-pre4 or LibreSSL 2.7.0 Increases the reference counter on a SSL_SESSION structure. Net::SSLeay::SESSION_up_ref($ses); # $ses - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: 1 on success else 0 Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_up_ref.html
• SESSION_dup COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL Duplicates a SSL_SESSION structure. Net::SSLeay::SESSION_dup($ses); # $ses - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: the duplicated session Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_dup.html
• SESSION_is_resumable COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL Determine whether an SSL_SESSION object can be used for resumption. Net::SSLeay::SESSION_is_resumable($ses); # $ses - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: (integer) 1 if it can or 0 if not Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_SESSION_is_resumable.html
• SESSION_cmp Compare two SSL_SESSION structures. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_cmp($sesa, $sesb); # $sesa - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # $sesb - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: 0 if the two structures are the same NOTE: Not available in openssl 1.0 or later
• SESSION_get_app_data Can be used to get application defined value/data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_app_data($ses); # $ses - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: string/buffer/pointer ???
• SESSION_set_app_data Can be used to set some application defined value/data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_app_data($s, $a); # $s - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # $a - (string/buffer/pointer ???) data # # returns: ???

• SESSION_get_ex_data Is used to retrieve the information for $idx from session $ses. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_ex_data($ses, $idx); # $ses - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure

  pointer to ??? Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html

• SESSION_set_ex_data Is used to store application data at arg for idx into the session object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_ex_data($ss, $idx, $data); # $ss - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # $idx - (integer) ???

  openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html

• SESSION_get_ex_new_index Is used to register a new index for application specific data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_ex_new_index($argl, $argp, $new_func, $dup_func, $free_func); # $argl - (long) ??? # $argp - (pointer) ??? # $new_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_new *) # $dup_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_dup *) # $free_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_free *) # # returns: (integer) ??? Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html
• SESSION_get_master_key NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Returns ’master_key’ value from SSL_SESSION structure $s Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_master_key($s); # $s - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: master key (binary data)
• SESSION_set_master_key Sets ’master_key’ value for SSL_SESSION structure $s Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_master_key($s, $key); # $s - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # $key - master key (binary data) # # returns: no return value Not available with OpenSSL 1.1 and later. Code that previously used SESSION_set_master_key must now set $secret in the session_secret callback set with SSL_set_session_secret_cb.
• SESSION_get_time Returns the time at which the session s was established. The time is given in seconds since 1.1.1970. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_time($s); # $s - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: timestamp (seconds since 1.1.1970) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html
• get_time Technically the same functionality as SESSION_get_time. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_time($s);
• SESSION_get_timeout Returns the timeout value set for session $s in seconds. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_timeout($s); # $s - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: timeout (in seconds) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html
• get_timeout Technically the same functionality as SESSION_get_timeout. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_timeout($s);
• SESSION_print NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Prints session details (e.g. protocol version, cipher, session-id …) to BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print($fp, $ses); # $fp - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # $ses - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure You have to use necessary BIO functions like this: # let us have $ssl corresponding to openssls SSL structure my $ses = Net::SSLeay::get_session($ssl); my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new(&Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem); Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print($bio, $ses); print Net::SSLeay::BIO_read($bio);
• SESSION_print_fp Prints session details (e.g. protocol version, cipher, session-id …) to file handle. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print_fp($fp, $ses); # $fp - perl file handle # $ses - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Example: # let us have $ssl corresponding to openssls SSL structure my $ses = Net::SSLeay::get_session($ssl); open my $fh, “>”, “output.txt”; Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print_fp($fh,$ses);
• SESSION_set_time Replaces the creation time of the session s with the chosen value $t (seconds since 1.1.1970). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_time($ses, $t); # $ses - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # $t - time value # # returns: 1 on success Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html
• set_time Technically the same functionality as SESSION_set_time. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_time($ses, $t);
• SESSION_set_timeout Sets the timeout value for session s in seconds to $t. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_timeout($s, $t); # $s - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # $t - timeout (in seconds) # # returns: 1 on success Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html
• set_timeout Technically the same functionality as SESSION_set_timeout. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_timeout($ses, $t);

Low level API: SSL_CTX_* related functions

NOTE: Please note that the function described in this chapter have SSL_ part stripped from their original openssl names.

• CTX_add_client_CA Adds the CA name extracted from $cacert to the list of CAs sent to the client when requesting a client certificate for $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_add_client_CA($ctx, $cacert); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $cacert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html
• CTX_add_extra_chain_cert Adds the certificate $x509 to the certificate chain presented together with the certificate. Several certificates can be added one after the other. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_add_extra_chain_cert($ctx, $x509); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $x509 - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: 1 on success, check out the error stack to find out the reason for failure otherwise Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert.html
• CTX_add_session Adds the session $ses to the context $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_add_session($ctx, $ses); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $ses - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_session.html
• CTX_callback_ctrl ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_callback_ctrl($ctx, $cmd, $fp); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $cmd - (integer) command id # $fp - (function pointer) ??? # # returns: ??? Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html
• CTX_check_private_key Checks the consistency of a private key with the corresponding certificate loaded into $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_check_private_key($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html
• CTX_ctrl Internal handling function for SSL_CTX objects. BEWARE: openssl doc says: This function should never be called directly! my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_ctrl($ctx, $cmd, $larg, $parg); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $cmd - (integer) command id # $larg - (integer) long ??? # $parg - (string/pointer) ??? # # returns: (long) result of given command ??? #valid $cmd values 1 - SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA 2 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_RSA 3 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_DH 4 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_ECDH 5 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_RSA_CB 6 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_DH_CB 7 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_ECDH_CB 8 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SESSION_REUSED 9 - SSL_CTRL_GET_CLIENT_CERT_REQUEST 10 - SSL_CTRL_GET_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS 11 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS 12 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TOTAL_RENEGOTIATIONS 13 - SSL_CTRL_GET_FLAGS 14 - SSL_CTRL_EXTRA_CHAIN_CERT 15 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MSG_CALLBACK 16 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MSG_CALLBACK_ARG 17 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MTU 20 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_NUMBER 21 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CONNECT 22 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CONNECT_GOOD 23 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CONNECT_RENEGOTIATE 24 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_ACCEPT 25 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_ACCEPT_GOOD 26 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_ACCEPT_RENEGOTIATE 27 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_HIT 28 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CB_HIT 29 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_MISSES 30 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_TIMEOUTS 31 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CACHE_FULL 32 - SSL_CTRL_OPTIONS 33 - SSL_CTRL_MODE 40 - SSL_CTRL_GET_READ_AHEAD 41 - SSL_CTRL_SET_READ_AHEAD 42 - SSL_CTRL_SET_SESS_CACHE_SIZE 43 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SESS_CACHE_SIZE 44 - SSL_CTRL_SET_SESS_CACHE_MODE 45 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SESS_CACHE_MODE 50 - SSL_CTRL_GET_MAX_CERT_LIST 51 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MAX_CERT_LIST 52 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MAX_SEND_FRAGMENT 53 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_SERVERNAME_CB 54 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_SERVERNAME_ARG 55 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_HOSTNAME 56 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_DEBUG_CB 57 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_DEBUG_ARG 58 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_TICKET_KEYS 59 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_TICKET_KEYS 60 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_OPAQUE_PRF_INPUT 61 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_OPAQUE_PRF_INPUT_CB 62 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_OPAQUE_PRF_INPUT_CB_ARG 63 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_CB 64 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_CB_ARG 65 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_TYPE 66 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_EXTS 67 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_EXTS 68 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_IDS 69 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_IDS 70 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_OCSP_RESP 71 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_OCSP_RESP 72 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_TICKET_KEY_CB 73 - DTLS_CTRL_GET_TIMEOUT 74 - DTLS_CTRL_HANDLE_TIMEOUT 75 - DTLS_CTRL_LISTEN 76 - SSL_CTRL_GET_RI_SUPPORT 77 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_OPTIONS 78 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_MODE 82 - SSL_CTRL_GET_EXTRA_CHAIN_CERTS 83 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_EXTRA_CHAIN_CERTS 88 - SSL_CTRL_CHAIN 89 - SSL_CTRL_CHAIN_CERT 90 - SSL_CTRL_GET_CURVES 91 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CURVES 92 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CURVES_LIST 93 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SHARED_CURVE 94 - SSL_CTRL_SET_ECDH_AUTO 97 - SSL_CTRL_SET_SIGALGS 98 - SSL_CTRL_SET_SIGALGS_LIST 99 - SSL_CTRL_CERT_FLAGS 100 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_CERT_FLAGS 101 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CLIENT_SIGALGS 102 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CLIENT_SIGALGS_LIST 103 - SSL_CTRL_GET_CLIENT_CERT_TYPES 104 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CLIENT_CERT_TYPES 105 - SSL_CTRL_BUILD_CERT_CHAIN 106 - SSL_CTRL_SET_VERIFY_CERT_STORE 107 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CHAIN_CERT_STORE 108 - SSL_CTRL_GET_PEER_SIGNATURE_NID 109 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SERVER_TMP_KEY 110 - SSL_CTRL_GET_RAW_CIPHERLIST 111 - SSL_CTRL_GET_EC_POINT_FORMATS 112 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSA_RECORD 113 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSA_RECORD 114 - SSL_CTRL_PULL_TLSA_RECORD Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html

• CTX_flush_sessions Causes a run through the session cache of $ctx to remove sessions expired at time $tm. Net::SSLeay::CTX_flush_sessions($ctx, $tm); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $tm - specifies the time which should be used for the expiration test (seconds since 1.1.1970)

  http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_flush_sessions.html

• CTX_free Free an allocated SSL_CTX object. Net::SSLeay::CTX_free($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_free.html
• CTX_get_app_data Can be used to get application defined value/data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_app_data($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: string/buffer/pointer ???
• CTX_set_app_data Can be used to set some application defined value/data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_app_data($ctx, $arg); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $arg - (string/buffer/pointer ???) data # # returns: ???
• CTX_get0_param COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.2-beta1 or LibreSSL 2.7.0 Returns the current verification parameters. my $vpm = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get0_param($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get0_param.html
• CTX_get_cert_store Returns the current certificate verification storage. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_cert_store($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_STORE structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_store.html
• CTX_get_client_CA_list Returns the list of client CAs explicitly set for $ctx using CTX_set_client_CA_list. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_client_CA_list($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME_STACK structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_client_CA_list.html
• CTX_get_ex_data Is used to retrieve the information for index $idx from $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_ex_data($ssl, $idx); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $idx - (integer) index for application specific data # # returns: pointer to ??? Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html

• CTX_get_ex_new_index Is used to register a new index for application specific data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_ex_new_index($argl, $argp, $new_func, $dup_func, $free_func); # $argl - (long) ??? # $argp - (pointer) ??? # $new_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_new *) # $dup_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_dup *)

  (integer) ??? Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html

• CTX_get_mode Returns the mode set for ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_mode($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: mode (bitmask) #to decode the return value (bitmask) use: 0x00000001 corresponds to SSL_MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE 0x00000002 corresponds to SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER 0x00000004 corresponds to SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY 0x00000008 corresponds to SSL_MODE_NO_AUTO_CHAIN 0x00000010 corresponds to SSL_MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS (note: some of the bits might not be supported by older openssl versions) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html
• CTX_set_mode Adds the mode set via bitmask in $mode to $ctx. Options already set before are not cleared. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode($ctx, $mode); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $mode - mode bitmask # # returns: the new mode bitmask after adding $mode For bitmask details see CTX_get_mode (above). Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html
• CTX_get_options Returns the options (bitmask) set for $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_options($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: options (bitmask) BEWARE: The available constants and their values in bitmask depend on the TLS library. For example, SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_3 became available much later than SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESS which is already deprecated by some libraries. Also, some previously used option values have been recycled and are now used for newer options. See the list of constants in this document for options Net::SSLeay currently supports. You are strongly encouraged to check your TLS library if you need to use numeric values directly. The following is a sample of historic values. It may not be correct anymore. #to decode the return value (bitmask) use: 0x00000004 corresponds to SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT 0x00000800 corresponds to SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS 0x00004000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_TICKET 0x00010000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION 0x00400000 corresponds to SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE 0x04000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1 Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html
• CTX_set_options Adds the options set via bitmask in $options to ctx. Options already set before are not cleared. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, $options); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $options - options bitmask # # returns: the new options bitmask after adding $options For bitmask details see CTX_get_options (above). Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html
• CTX_get_quiet_shutdown Returns the ’quiet shutdown’ setting of $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_quiet_shutdown($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: (integer) the current setting Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html
• CTX_get_read_ahead my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_read_ahead($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: (integer) read_ahead value
• CTX_get_session_cache_mode Returns the currently used cache mode (bitmask). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_session_cache_mode($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: mode (bitmask) BEWARE: SESS_CACHE_OFF and other constants are not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before. If the constants are not available, the following values have historically been correct. You are strongly encouraged to check your TLS library for the current values. #to decode the return value (bitmask) use: 0x0000 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_OFF 0x0001 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_CLIENT 0x0002 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_SERVER 0x0080 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_AUTO_CLEAR 0x0100 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP 0x0200 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE (note: some of the bits might not be supported by older openssl versions) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode.html

• CTX_set_session_cache_mode Enables/disables session caching by setting the operational mode for $ctx to $mode. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_session_cache_mode($ctx, $mode); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $mode - mode (bitmask) #

  CTX_get_session_cache_mode (above). Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode.html

• CTX_get_timeout Returns the currently set timeout value for $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_timeout($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: timeout in seconds Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_timeout.html
• CTX_get_verify_depth Returns the verification depth limit currently set in $ctx. If no limit has been explicitly set, -1 is returned and the default value will be used.“, my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_verify_depth($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: depth limit currently set in $ctx, -1 if no limit has been explicitly set Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html
• CTX_get_verify_mode Returns the verification mode (bitmask) currently set in $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_verify_mode($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: mode (bitmask) For bitmask details see CTX_set_verify. Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html
• CTX_set_verify Sets the verification flags for $ctx to be $mode and specifies the verify_callback function to be used. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_verify($ctx, $mode, $callback); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $mode - mode (bitmask), see OpenSSL manual # $callback - [optional] reference to perl callback function # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html
• CTX_set_post_handshake_auth COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL Enable the Post-Handshake Authentication extension to be added to the ClientHello such that post-handshake authentication can be requested by the server. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_posthandshake_auth($ctx, $val); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $val - 0 then the extension is not sent, otherwise it is # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_post_handshake_auth https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_post_handshake_auth.html
• CTX_load_verify_locations Specifies the locations for $ctx, at which CA certificates for verification purposes are located. The certificates available via $CAfile and $CApath are trusted. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_load_verify_locations($ctx, $CAfile, $CApath); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $CAfile - (string) file of CA certificates in PEM format, the file can contain several CA certificates (or ) # $CApath - (string) directory containing CA certificates in PEM format (or ) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure (check the error stack to find out the reason) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations.html
• CTX_need_tmp_RSA Return the result of SSL_CTX_ctrl(ctx,SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA,0,NULL) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_need_tmp_RSA($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: result of SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA command Not available with OpenSSL 1.1 and later.
• CTX_new The same as CTX_v23_new my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html Not available with OpenSSL 1.1 and later.
• CTX_v2_new Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on SSLv2_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v2_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
• CTX_v23_new Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on SSLv23_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v23_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
• CTX_v3_new Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on SSLv3_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v3_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
• CTX_tlsv1_new Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on TLSv1_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
• CTX_tlsv1_1_new Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on TLSv1_1_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections. Only available where supported by the underlying openssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_1_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
• CTX_tlsv1_2_new Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on TLSv1_2_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections. Only available where supported by the underlying openssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_2_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
• CTX_new_with_method Creates a new SSL_CTX object based on $meth method my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new_with_method($meth); # $meth - value corresponding to openssls SSL_METHOD structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure) #example my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new_with_method(&Net::SSLeay::TLSv1_method); Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html
• CTX_set_min_proto_version, CTX_set_max_proto_version, set_min_proto_version and set_max_proto_version, COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0-pre2 or LibreSSL 2.6.0 Set the minimum and maximum supported protocol for $ctx or $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_min_proto_version($ctx, $version) # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $version - (integer) constat version value or 0 for automatic lowest or highest value # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure #example: allow only TLS 1.2 for a SSL_CTX my $rv_min = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_min_proto_version($ctx, Net::SSLeay::TLS1_2_VERSION()); my $rv_max = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_max_proto_version($ctx, Net::SSLeay::TLS1_2_VERSION()); #example: allow only TLS 1.1 for a SSL my $rv_min = Net::SSLeay::set_min_proto_version($ssl, Net::SSLeay::TLS1_1_VERSION()); my $rv_max = Net::SSLeay::set_max_proto_version($ssl, Net::SSLeay::TLS1_1_VERSION()); Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version.html
• CTX_get_min_proto_version, CTX_get_max_proto_version, get_min_proto_version and get_max_proto_version, COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0g Get the minimum and maximum supported protocol for $ctx or $ssl. my $version = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_min_proto_version($ctx) # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: 0 automatic lowest or highest value, configured value otherwise Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version.html
• CTX_remove_session Removes the session $ses from the context $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_remove_session($ctx, $ses); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $ses - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_session.html
• CTX_sess_accept my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_accept($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of started SSL/TLS handshakes in server mode Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html

• CTX_sess_accept_good my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_accept_good($ctx);

  returns: number of successfully established SSL/TLS sessions in server mode Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html

• CTX_sess_accept_renegotiate my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_accept_renegotiate($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of start renegotiations in server mode Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html
• CTX_sess_cache_full my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_cache_full($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of sessions that were removed because the maximum session cache size was exceeded Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html
• CTX_sess_cb_hits my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_cb_hits($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of successfully retrieved sessions from the external session cache in server mode Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html
• CTX_sess_connect my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_connect($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of started SSL/TLS handshakes in client mode Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html
• CTX_sess_connect_good my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_connect_good($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of successfully established SSL/TLS sessions in client mode Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html
• CTX_sess_connect_renegotiate my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_connect_renegotiate($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of start renegotiations in client mode Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html
• CTX_sess_get_cache_size Returns the currently valid session cache size. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_get_cache_size($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: current size Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_set_cache_size.html
• CTX_sess_hits my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_hits($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of successfully reused sessions Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html
• CTX_sess_misses my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_misses($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of sessions proposed by clients that were not found in the internal session cache in server mode Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html
• CTX_sess_number my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_number($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: current number of sessions in the internal session cache Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html
• CTX_sess_set_cache_size Sets the size of the internal session cache of context $ctx to $size. Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_set_cache_size($ctx, $size); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $size - cache size (0 = unlimited) # # returns: previously valid size Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_set_cache_size.html
• CTX_sess_timeouts Returns the number of sessions proposed by clients and either found in the internal or external session cache in server mode, but that were invalid due to timeout. These sessions are not included in the SSL_CTX_sess_hits count. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_timeouts($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of sessions Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html
• CTX_sess_set_new_cb COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before Sets the callback function, which is automatically called whenever a new session was negotiated. Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_set_new_cb($ctx, $func); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $func - perl reference to callback function # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_sess_set_new_cb.html
• CTX_sess_set_remove_cb COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before Sets the callback function, which is automatically called whenever a session is removed by the SSL engine. Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_set_remove_cb($ctx, $func); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $func - perl reference to callback function # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_sess_set_remove_cb.html
• CTX_sessions Returns a pointer to the lhash databases containing the internal session cache for ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sessions($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls LHASH structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sessions.html
• CTX_set1_param COMPATIBILITY: requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.0-beta3 Applies X509 verification parameters $vpm on $ctx my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set1_param($ctx, $vpm); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $vpm - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get0_param.html
• CTX_set_cert_store Sets/replaces the certificate verification storage of $ctx to/with $store. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cert_store($ctx, $store); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $store - value corresponding to openssls X509_STORE structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_store.html
• CTX_set_cert_verify_callback Sets the verification callback function for $ctx. SSL objects that are created from $ctx inherit the setting valid at the time when Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) is called. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cert_verify_callback($ctx, $func, $data); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $func - perl reference to callback function # $data - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback.html
• CTX_set_cipher_list Sets the list of available ciphers for $ctx using the control string $str. The list of ciphers is inherited by all ssl objects created from $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cipher_list($s, $str); # $s - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $str - (string) cipher list e.g. 3DES:+RSA # # returns: 1 if any cipher could be selected and 0 on complete failure The format of $str is described in http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html
• CTX_set_ciphersuites COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL Configure the available TLSv1.3 ciphersuites. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_ciphersuites($ctx, $str); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $str - colon (“:”) separated list of TLSv1.3 ciphersuite names in order of preference # # returns: (integer) 1 if the requested ciphersuite list was configured, and 0 otherwise Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_ciphersuites.html
• CTX_set_client_CA_list Sets the list of CAs sent to the client when requesting a client certificate for $ctx. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_client_CA_list($ctx, $list); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $list - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME_STACK structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html
• CTX_set_default_passwd_cb Sets the default password callback called when loading/storing a PEM certificate with encryption. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($ctx, $func); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $func - perl reference to callback function # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb.html
• CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata Sets a pointer to userdata which will be provided to the password callback on invocation. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata($ctx, $userdata); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $userdata - data that will be passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb.html
• CTX_set_default_verify_paths ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_verify_paths($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• CTX_set_ex_data Is used to store application data at $data for $idx into the $ctx object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_ex_data($ssl, $idx, $data); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $idx - (integer) ??? # $data - (pointer) ??? # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html
• CTX_set_purpose my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_purpose($s, $purpose); # $s - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure #avainable purpose identifier 1 - X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT 2 - X509_PURPOSE_SSL_SERVER 3 - X509_PURPOSE_NS_SSL_SERVER 4 - X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_SIGN 5 - X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_ENCRYPT 6 - X509_PURPOSE_CRL_SIGN 7 - X509_PURPOSE_ANY 8 - X509_PURPOSE_OCSP_HELPER 9 - X509_PURPOSE_TIMESTAMP_SIGN #or use corresponding constants $purpose = &Net::SSLeay::X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT; … $purpose = &Net::SSLeay::X509_PURPOSE_TIMESTAMP_SIGN;
• CTX_set_quiet_shutdown Sets the ’quiet shutdown’ flag for $ctx to be mode. SSL objects created from $ctx inherit the mode valid at the time Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) is called. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_quiet_shutdown($ctx, $mode); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $mode - 0 or 1 # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html
• CTX_set_read_ahead my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_read_ahead($ctx, $val); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $val - read_ahead value to be set # # returns: the original read_ahead value
• CTX_set_session_id_context Sets the context $sid_ctx of length $sid_ctx_len within which a session can be reused for the $ctx object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_session_id_context($ctx, $sid_ctx, $sid_ctx_len); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $sid_ctx - data buffer # $sid_ctx_len - length of data in $sid_ctx # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure (the error is logged to the error stack) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context.html
• CTX_set_ssl_version Sets a new default TLS/SSL method for SSL objects newly created from this $ctx. SSL objects already created with Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) are not affected, except when Net::SSLeay:clear($ssl) is being called. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_ssl_version($ctx, $meth); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $meth - value corresponding to openssls SSL_METHOD structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html
• CTX_set_timeout Sets the timeout for newly created sessions for $ctx to $t. The timeout value $t must be given in seconds. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_timeout($ctx, $t); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $t - timeout in seconds # # returns: previously set timeout value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_timeout.html
• CTX_set_tmp_dh Sets DH parameters to be used to be $dh. The key is inherited by all ssl objects created from $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_dh($ctx, $dh); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $dh - value corresponding to openssls DH structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html
• CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback Sets the callback function for $ctx to be used when a DH parameters are required to $tmp_dh_callback. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback($ctx, $tmp_dh_callback); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # tmp_dh_callback - (function pointer) ??? # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html
• CTX_set_tmp_rsa Sets the temporary/ephemeral RSA key to be used to be $rsa. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_rsa($ctx, $rsa); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $rsa - value corresponding to openssls RSA structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html Not available with OpenSSL 1.1 and later.
• CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback Sets the callback function for ctx to be used when a temporary/ephemeral RSA key is required to $tmp_rsa_callback. ??? (does this function really work?) Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback($ctx, $tmp_rsa_callback); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $tmp_rsa_callback - (function pointer) ??? # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html Not available with OpenSSL 1.1 and later.
• CTX_set_trust my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_trust($s, $trust); # $s - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $trust - (integer) trust identifier # # returns: the original value #available trust identifiers 1 - X509_TRUST_COMPAT 2 - X509_TRUST_SSL_CLIENT 3 - X509_TRUST_SSL_SERVER 4 - X509_TRUST_EMAIL 5 - X509_TRUST_OBJECT_SIGN 6 - X509_TRUST_OCSP_SIGN 7 - X509_TRUST_OCSP_REQUEST 8 - X509_TRUST_TSA #or use corresponding constants $trust = &Net::SSLeay::X509_TRUST_COMPAT; … $trust = &Net::SSLeay::X509_TRUST_TSA;
• CTX_set_verify_depth Sets the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification that shall be allowed for ctx. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_verify_depth($ctx, $depth); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $depth - max. depth # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html
• CTX_use_PKCS12_file Adds the certificate and private key from PKCS12 file $p12filename to $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PKCS12_file($ctx, $p12filename, $password); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $p12filename - (string) filename # $password - (string) password to decrypt private key # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• CTX_use_PrivateKey Adds the private key $pkey to $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PrivateKey($ctx, $pkey); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $pkey - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html
• CTX_use_PrivateKey_file Adds the first private key found in $file to $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PrivateKey_file($ctx, $file, $type); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html
• CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey Adds the RSA private key $rsa to $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey($ctx, $rsa); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $rsa - value corresponding to openssls RSA structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html
• CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey_file Adds the first RSA private key found in $file to $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey_file($ctx, $file, $type); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
• CTX_use_certificate Loads the certificate $x into $ctx my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate($ctx, $x); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html
• CTX_use_certificate_chain_file Loads a certificate chain from $file into $ctx. The certificates must be in PEM format and must be sorted starting with the subject’s certificate (actual client or server certificate), followed by intermediate CA certificates if applicable, and ending at the highest level (root) CA. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate_chain_file($ctx, $file); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $file - (string) file name # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html

• CTX_use_certificate_file Loads the first certificate stored in $file into $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate_file($ctx, $file, $type); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 #

  out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html

• CTX_get_security_level COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0, not in LibreSSL Returns the security level associated with $ctx. my $level = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_security_level($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: (integer) current security level Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_get_security_level.html
• CTX_set_security_level COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0, not in LibreSSL Sets the security level associated with $ctx to $level. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_security_level($ctx, $level); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $level - new security level # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_security_level.html
• CTX_set_num_tickets COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL Set number of TLSv1.3 session tickets that will be sent to a client. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_num_tickets($ctx, $number_of_tickets); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $number_of_tickets - number of tickets to send # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Set to zero if you do not no want to support a session resumption. Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_num_tickets.html
• CTX_get_num_tickets COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL Get number of TLSv1.3 session tickets that will be sent to a client. my $number_of_tickets = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_num_tickets($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: (integer) number of tickets to send Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_get_num_tickets.html

Low level API: SSL_* related functions

NOTE: Please note that the function described in this chapter have SSL_ part stripped from their original openssl names.

• new Creates a new SSL structure which is needed to hold the data for a TLS/SSL connection. The new structure inherits the settings of the underlying context $ctx: connection method (SSLv2/v3/TLSv1), options, verification settings, timeout settings. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_new.html
• accept Waits for a TLS/SSL client to initiate the TLS/SSL handshake. The communication channel must already have been set and assigned to the ssl by setting an underlying BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: 1 = success, 0 = handshake not successful, <0 = fatal error during handshake Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_accept.html
• add_client_CA Adds the CA name extracted from cacert to the list of CAs sent to the client when requesting a client certificate for the chosen ssl, overriding the setting valid for ssl’s SSL_CTX object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::add_client_CA($ssl, $x); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html

• callback_ctrl ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::callback_ctrl($ssl, $cmd, $fp); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $cmd - (integer) command id

  http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html

• check_private_key Checks the consistency of a private key with the corresponding certificate loaded into $ssl my $rv = Net::SSLeay::check_private_key($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html
• clear Reset SSL object to allow another connection. Net::SSLeay::clear($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_clear.html
• connect Initiate the TLS/SSL handshake with an TLS/SSL server. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: 1 = success, 0 = handshake not successful, <0 = fatal error during handshake Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_connect.html
• copy_session_id Copies the session structure fro $from to $to (+ also the private key and certificate associated with $from). Net::SSLeay::copy_session_id($to, $from); # $to - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $from - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: no return value

• ctrl Internal handling function for SSL objects. BEWARE: openssl doc says: This function should never be called directly! my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ctrl($ssl, $cmd, $larg, $parg); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $cmd - (integer) command id

  returns: (long) result of given command ??? For more details about valid $cmd values check CTX_ctrl. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html

• do_handshake Will wait for a SSL/TLS handshake to take place. If the connection is in client mode, the handshake will be started. The handshake routines may have to be explicitly set in advance using either SSL_set_connect_state or SSL_set_accept_state (3). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::do_handshake($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: 1 = success, 0 = handshake not successful, <0 = fatal error during handshake Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_do_handshake.html
• dup Returns a duplicate of $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::dup($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL structure (0 on failure)
• free Free an allocated SSL structure. Net::SSLeay::free($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_free.html
• get0_param COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.2-beta1 or LibreSSL 2.7.0 Returns the current verification parameters. my $vpm = Net::SSLeay::get0_param($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get0_param.html
• get_SSL_CTX Returns a pointer to the SSL_CTX object, from which $ssl was created with Net::SSLeay::new. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_SSL_CTX($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_SSL_CTX.html
• set_SSL_CTX COMPATIBILITY: requires at least OpenSSL 0.9.8f Sets the SSL_CTX the corresponds to an SSL session. my $the_ssl_ctx = Net::SSLeay::set_SSL_CTX($ssl, $ssl_ctx); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $ssl_ctx - Change the ssl object to the given ssl_ctx # # returns - the ssl_ctx
• get_app_data Can be used to get application defined value/data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_app_data($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: string/buffer/pointer ???
• set_app_data Can be used to set some application defined value/data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_app_data($ssl, $arg); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $arg - (string/buffer/pointer ???) data # # returns: ???
• get_certificate Gets X509 certificate from an established SSL connection. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_certificate($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509 structure (0 on failure)
• get_cipher Obtains the name of the currently used cipher. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (string) cipher name e.g. DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA or , when no session has been established. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html
• get_cipher_bits Obtain the number of secret/algorithm bits used. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_bits($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: number of secret bits used by current cipher Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html and http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html
• get_ciphers COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.88 and before Returns a list of SSL_CIPHER structures available for $ssl sorted by preference my @ciphers = Net::SSLeay::get_ciphers($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (list) SSL_CIPHER structures or nothing when $ssl is undefined or no ciphers are available Example: my @ciphers = Net::SSLeay::get_ciphers($ssl); foreach my $c (@ciphers) { print Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_name($c) . “\n”; } Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ciphers.html
• get_cipher_list Returns the name (string) of the SSL_CIPHER listed for $ssl with priority $n. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_list($ssl, $n); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $n - (integer) priority # # returns: (string) cipher name e.g. EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA or undef in case of error Call Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_list with priority starting from 0 to obtain the sorted list of available ciphers, until undef is returned: my $priority = 0; while (my $c = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_list($ssl, $priority)) { print “cipher[$priority] = $c\n”; $priority++; } Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_cipher_list.html
• get_client_CA_list Returns the list of client CAs explicitly set for $ssl using Net::SSleay::set_client_CA_list or $ssl’s SSL_CTX object with Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_client_CA_list, when in server mode. In client mode, returns the list of client CAs sent from the server, if any. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_client_CA_list($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_client_CA_list.html
• get_current_cipher Returns the cipher actually used. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_current_cipher($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_CIPHER structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html
• get_default_timeout Returns the default timeout value assigned to SSL_SESSION objects negotiated for the protocol valid for $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_default_timeout($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (long) timeout in seconds Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_default_timeout.html
• get_error Returns a result code for a preceding call to connect, accept, do_handshake, read, peek or write on $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_error($ssl, $ret); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $ret - return value of preceding TLS/SSL I/O operation # # returns: result code, which is one of the following values: # 0 - SSL_ERROR_NONE # 1 - SSL_ERROR_SSL # 2 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ # 3 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE # 4 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP # 5 - SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL # 6 - SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN # 7 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_CONNECT # 8 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_ACCEPT Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_error.html
• get_ex_data Is used to retrieve the information for $idx from $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_ex_data($ssl, $idx); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $idx - (integer) index for application specific data # # returns: pointer to ??? Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html
• set_ex_data Is used to store application data at $data for $idx into the $ssl object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_ex_data($ssl, $idx, $data); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $idx - (integer) ??? # $data - (pointer) ??? # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html
• get_ex_new_index Is used to register a new index for application specific data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_ex_new_index($argl, $argp, $new_func, $dup_func, $free_func); # $argl - (long) ??? # $argp - (pointer) ??? # $new_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_new *) # $dup_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_dup *) # $free_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_free *) # # returns: (integer) ??? Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html
• get_fd Returns the file descriptor which is linked to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_fd($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: file descriptor (>=0) or -1 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_fd.html
• get_finished Obtains the latest ’Finished’ message sent to the peer. Return value is zero if there’s been no Finished message yet. Default count is 2*EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE that is long enough for all possible Finish messages. If you supply a non-default count, the resulting return value may be longer than returned buf’s length. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_finished($ssl, $buf, $count); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $buf - buffer where the returned data will be stored # $count - [optional] max size of return data - default is 2*EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE # # returns: length of latest Finished message
• get_peer_finished Obtains the latest ’Finished’ message expected from the peer. Parameters and return value are similar to get_finished(). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_finished($ssl, $buf, $count); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $buf - buffer where the returned data will be stored # $count - [optional] max size of return data - default is 2*EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE # # returns: length of latest Finished message
• get_keyblock_size Gets the length of the TLS keyblock. NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_keyblock_size($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: keyblock size, -1 on error
• get_mode Returns the mode (bitmask) set for $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_mode($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: mode (bitmask) To decode the return value (bitmask) see documentation for CTX_get_mode. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html
• set_mode Adds the mode set via bitmask in $mode to $ssl. Options already set before are not cleared. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_mode($ssl, $mode); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $mode - mode (bitmask) # # returns: the new mode bitmask after adding $mode For $mode bitmask details see CTX_get_mode. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html
• get_options Returns the options (bitmask) set for $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_options($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: options (bitmask) To decode the return value (bitmask) see documentation for CTX_get_options. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html
• set_options Adds the options set via bitmask in $options to $ssl. Options already set before are not cleared! Net::SSLeay::set_options($ssl, $options); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $options - options (bitmask) # # returns: the new options bitmask after adding $options For $options bitmask details see CTX_get_options. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html
• get_peer_certificate Get the X509 certificate of the peer. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_certificate($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509 structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_peer_certificate.html
• get_peer_cert_chain Get the certificate chain of the peer as an array of X509 structures. my @rv = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_cert_chain($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: list of X509 structures Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_peer_certificate.html
• get_quiet_shutdown Returns the ’quiet shutdown’ setting of ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_quiet_shutdown($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (integer) current quiet shutdown value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html
• get_rbio Get ’read’ BIO linked to an SSL object $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_rbio($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls BIO structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_rbio.html
• get_read_ahead my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_read_ahead($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (integer) read_ahead value
• set_read_ahead Net::SSLeay::set_read_ahead($ssl, $val); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $val - read_ahead value to be set # # returns: the original read_ahead value
• get_security_level COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0, not in LibreSSL Returns the security level associated with $ssl. my $level = Net::SSLeay::get_security_level($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (integer) current security level Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_get_security_level.html

• set_security_level COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0, not in LibreSSL Sets the security level associated with $ssl to $level. Net::SSLeay::set_security_level($ssl, $level); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $level - new security level

  https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_set_security_level.html

• set_num_tickets COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL Set number of TLSv1.3 session tickets that will be sent to a client. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_num_tickets($ssl, $number_of_tickets); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $number_of_tickets - number of tickets to send # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Set to zero if you do not no want to support a session resumption. Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_set_num_tickets.html
• get_num_tickets COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL Get number of TLSv1.3 session tickets that will be sent to a client. my $number_of_tickets = Net::SSLeay::get_num_tickets($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: number of tickets to send Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_get_num_tickets.html
• get_server_random Returns internal SSLv3 server_random value. Net::SSLeay::get_server_random($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: server_random value (binary data)
• get_client_random NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Returns internal SSLv3 client_random value. Net::SSLeay::get_client_random($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: client_random value (binary data)
• export_keying_material Returns keying material based on the string $label and optional $context. Note that with TLSv1.2 and lower, empty context (empty string) and undefined context (no value or ’undef’) will return different values. my $out = Net::SSLeay::export_keying_material($ssl, $olen, $label, $context); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $olen - number of bytes to return # $label - application specific label # $context - [optional] context - default is undef for no context # # returns: keying material (binary data) or undef on error Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_export_keying_material.html
• get_session Retrieve TLS/SSL session data used in $ssl. The reference count of the SSL_SESSION is NOT incremented. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_session($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_session.html
• SSL_get0_session The alias for get_session (note that the name is SSL_get0_session NOT get0_session). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SSL_get0_session();
• get1_session Returns a pointer to the SSL_SESSION actually used in $ssl. The reference count of the SSL_SESSION is incremented by 1. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get1_session($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_session.html
• get_shared_ciphers Returns string with a list (colon ’:’ separated) of ciphers shared between client and server within SSL session $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_shared_ciphers() # # returns: string like ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:…
• get_shutdown Returns the shutdown mode of $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_shutdown($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: shutdown mode (bitmask) of ssl #to decode the return value (bitmask) use: 0 - No shutdown setting, yet 1 - SSL_SENT_SHUTDOWN 2 - SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_shutdown.html
• get_ssl_method Returns a function pointer to the TLS/SSL method set in $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_ssl_method($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html
• in_init, in_before, is_init_finished, in_connect_init, in_accept_init COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before. Retrieve information about the handshake state machine. All functions take $ssl as the only argument and return 0 or 1. These functions are recommended over get_state() and state(). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::is_init_finished($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: All functions return 1 or 0 Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_in_init.html http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_in_init.html
• get_state COMPATIBILITY: OpenSSL 1.1.0 and later use different constants which are not made available. Use is_init_finished() and related functions instead. Returns the SSL connection state. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_state($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (integer) state value # to decode the returned state check: # SSL_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl.h # SSL2_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl2.h # SSL23_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl23.h # SSL3_ST_* + DTLS1_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl3.h
• state Exactly the same as get_state. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::state($ssl);
• set_state Sets the SSL connection state. Net::SSLeay::set_state($ssl,Net::SSLeay::SSL_ST_ACCEPT()); Not available with OpenSSL 1.1 and later.
• get_verify_depth Returns the verification depth limit currently set in $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_verify_depth($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: current depth or -1 if no limit has been explicitly set Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html
• set_verify_depth Sets the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification that shall be allowed for $ssl. Net::SSLeay::set_verify_depth($ssl, $depth); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $depth - (integer) depth # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html
• get_verify_mode Returns the verification mode (bitmask) currently set in $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_verify_mode($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: mode (bitmask) To decode the return value (bitmask) see documentation for CTX_get_verify_mode. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html
• set_verify Sets the verification flags for $ssl to be $mode and specifies the $verify_callback function to be used. Net::SSLeay::set_verify($ssl, $mode, $callback); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $mode - mode (bitmask) # $callback - [optional] reference to perl callback function # # returns: no return value For $mode bitmask details see CTX_get_verify_mode. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html
• set_post_handshake_auth COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL Enable the Post-Handshake Authentication extension to be added to the ClientHello such that post-handshake authentication can be requested by the server. Net::SSLeay::set_posthandshake_auth($ssl, $val); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $val - 0 then the extension is not sent, otherwise it is # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_set_post_handshake_auth https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_set_post_handshake_auth.html
• verify_client_post_handshake COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL verify_client_post_handshake causes a CertificateRequest message to be sent by a server on the given ssl connection. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::verify_client_post_handshake($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: 1 if the request succeeded, and 0 if the request failed. The error stack can be examined to determine the failure reason. Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_verify_client_post_handshake.html
• get_verify_result Returns the result of the verification of the X509 certificate presented by the peer, if any. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_verify_result($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (integer) # 0 - X509_V_OK: ok # 2 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT: unable to get issuer certificate # 3 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL: unable to get certificate CRL # 4 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CERT_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt certificates signature # 5 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CRL_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt CRLs signature # 6 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECODE_ISSUER_PUBLIC_KEY: unable to decode issuer public key # 7 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: certificate signature failure # 8 - X509_V_ERR_CRL_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: CRL signature failure # 9 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_NOT_YET_VALID: certificate is not yet valid # 10 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_HAS_EXPIRED: certificate has expired # 11 - X509_V_ERR_CRL_NOT_YET_VALID: CRL is not yet valid # 12 - X509_V_ERR_CRL_HAS_EXPIRED: CRL has expired # 13 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_BEFORE_FIELD: format error in certificates notBefore field # 14 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_AFTER_FIELD: format error in certificates notAfter field # 15 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_LAST_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in CRLs lastUpdate field # 16 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_NEXT_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in CRLs nextUpdate field # 17 - X509_V_ERR_OUT_OF_MEM: out of memory # 18 - X509_V_ERR_DEPTH_ZERO_SELF_SIGNED_CERT: self signed certificate # 19 - X509_V_ERR_SELF_SIGNED_CERT_IN_CHAIN: self signed certificate in certificate chain # 20 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY: unable to get local issuer certificate # 21 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE: unable to verify the first certificate # 22 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_CHAIN_TOO_LONG: certificate chain too long # 23 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_REVOKED: certificate revoked # 24 - X509_V_ERR_INVALID_CA: invalid CA certificate # 25 - X509_V_ERR_PATH_LENGTH_EXCEEDED: path length constraint exceeded # 26 - X509_V_ERR_INVALID_PURPOSE: unsupported certificate purpose # 27 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_UNTRUSTED: certificate not trusted # 28 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_REJECTED: certificate rejected # 29 - X509_V_ERR_SUBJECT_ISSUER_MISMATCH: subject issuer mismatch # 30 - X509_V_ERR_AKID_SKID_MISMATCH: authority and subject key identifier mismatch # 31 - X509_V_ERR_AKID_ISSUER_SERIAL_MISMATCH: authority and issuer serial number mismatch # 32 - X509_V_ERR_KEYUSAGE_NO_CERTSIGN:key usage does not include certificate signing # 50 - X509_V_ERR_APPLICATION_VERIFICATION: application verification failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_verify_result.html
• set_verify_result Override result of peer certificate verification. Net::SSLeay::set_verify_result($ssl, $v); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $v - (integer) result value # # returns: no return value For more info about valid return values see get_verify_result Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_verify_result.html
• get_wbio Get ’write’ BIO linked to an SSL object $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_wbio($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls BIO structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_rbio.html
• load_client_CA_file Load X509 certificates from file (PEM formatted). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::load_client_CA_file($file); # $file - (string) file name # # returns: value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_load_client_CA_file.html
• clear_num_renegotiations Executes SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS command on $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::clear_num_renegotiations($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: command result
• need_tmp_RSA Executes SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA command on $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::need_tmp_RSA($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: command result Not available with OpenSSL 1.1 and later.
• num_renegotiations Executes SSL_CTRL_GET_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS command on $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::num_renegotiations($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: command result
• total_renegotiations Executes SSL_CTRL_GET_TOTAL_RENEGOTIATIONS command on $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::total_renegotiations($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: command result
• peek Copies $max bytes from the specified $ssl into the returned value. In contrast to the Net::SSLeay::read() function, the data in the SSL buffer is unmodified after the SSL_peek() operation. Net::SSLeay::peek($ssl, $max); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $max - [optional] max bytes to peek (integer) - default is 32768 # # in scalar context: data read from the TLS/SSL connection, undef on error # in list context: two-item array consisting of data read (undef on error), # and return code from SSL_peek().
• peek_ex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL Copies $max bytes from the specified $ssl into the returned value. In contrast to the Net::SSLeay::read_ex() function, the data in the SSL buffer is unmodified after the SSL_peek_ex() operation. my($got, $rv) = Net::SSLeay::peek_ex($ssl, $max); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $max - [optional] max bytes to peek (integer) - default is 32768 # # returns a list: two-item list consisting of data read (undef on error), # and return code from SSL_peek_ex(). Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_peek_ex.html
• pending Obtain number of readable bytes buffered in $ssl object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::pending($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: the number of bytes pending Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_pending.html
• has_pending COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0, not in LibreSSL Returns 1 if $ssl has buffered data (whether processed or unprocessed) and 0 otherwise. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::has_pending($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (integer) 1 or 0 Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_has_pending.html

• read Tries to read $max bytes from the specified $ssl. my $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl, $max); my($got, $rv) = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl, $max); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $max - [optional] max bytes to read (integer) - default is 32768 # # returns:

  error # in list context: two-item array consisting of data read (undef on error), # and return code from SSL_read(). Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_read.html

• read_ex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL Tries to read $max bytes from the specified $ssl. my($got, $rv) = Net::SSLeay::read_ex($ssl, $max); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $max - [optional] max bytes to read (integer) - default is 32768 # # returns a list: two-item list consisting of data read (undef on error), # and return code from SSL_read_ex(). Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_read_ex.html
• renegotiate Turn on flags for renegotiation so that renegotiation will happen my $rv = Net::SSLeay::renegotiate($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• rstate_string Returns a 2 letter string indicating the current read state of the SSL object $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::rstate_string($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: 2-letter string Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_rstate_string.html

• rstate_string_long Returns a string indicating the current read state of the SSL object ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::rstate_string_long($ssl);

  string with current state Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_rstate_string.html

• session_reused Query whether a reused session was negotiated during handshake. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::session_reused($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: 0 - new session was negotiated; 1 - session was reused. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_session_reused.html
• set1_param COMPATIBILITY: requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.0-beta3 Applies X509 verification parameters $vpm on $ssl my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set1_param($ssl, $vpm); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $vpm - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• set_accept_state Sets $ssl to work in server mode. Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_connect_state.html

• set_bio Connects the BIOs $rbio and $wbio for the read and write operations of the TLS/SSL (encrypted) side of $ssl. Net::SSLeay::set_bio($ssl, $rbio, $wbio); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $rbio - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # $wbio - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure

  http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_bio.html

• set_cipher_list Sets the list of ciphers only for ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_cipher_list($ssl, $str); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $str - (string) cipher list e.g. 3DES:+RSA

  failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html

• set_ciphersuites COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL Configure the available TLSv1.3 ciphersuites. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_ciphersuites($ssl, $str); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $str - colon (“:”) separated list of TLSv1.3 ciphersuite names in order of preference # # returns: (integer) 1 if the requested ciphersuite list was configured, and 0 otherwise Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_set_ciphersuites.html
• set_client_CA_list Sets the list of CAs sent to the client when requesting a client certificate for the chosen $ssl, overriding the setting valid for $ssl’s SSL_CTX object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_client_CA_list($ssl, $list); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $list - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html
• set_connect_state Sets $ssl to work in client mode. Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_connect_state.html
• set_fd Sets the file descriptor $fd as the input/output facility for the TLS/SSL (encrypted) side of $ssl, $fd will typically be the socket file descriptor of a network connection. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, $fd); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $fd - (integer) file handle (got via perls fileno) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html
• set_psk_client_callback Sets the psk client callback. Net::SSLeay::set_psk_client_callback($ssl, sub { my $hint = shift; return ($identity, $key) } ); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $hint - PSK identity hint send by the server # $identity - PSK identity # $key - PSK key, hex string without the leading 0x, e.g. deadbeef # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_psk_client_callback.html
• set_rfd Sets the file descriptor $fd as the input (read) facility for the TLS/SSL (encrypted) side of $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_rfd($ssl, $fd); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $fd - (integer) file handle (got via perls fileno) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html
• set_wfd my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_wfd($ssl, $fd); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $fd - (integer) file handle (got via perls fileno) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html
• set_info_callback Sets the callback function, that can be used to obtain state information for $ssl during connection setup and use. When callback is undef, the callback setting currently valid for ctx is used. Net::SSLeay::set_info_callback($ssl, $cb, [$data]); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $cb - sub { my ($ssl,$where,$ret,$data) = @_; … } # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_info_callback.html
• CTX_set_info_callback Sets the callback function on ctx, that can be used to obtain state information during ssl connection setup and use. When callback is undef, an existing callback will be disabled. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_info_callback($ssl, $cb, [$data]); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $cb - sub { my ($ssl,$where,$ret,$data) = @_; … } # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_info_callback.html
• set_pref_cipher Sets the list of available ciphers for $ssl using the control string $str. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_pref_cipher($ssl, $str); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $str - (string) cipher list e.g. 3DES:+RSA # # returns: 1 if any cipher could be selected and 0 on complete failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html
• CTX_set_psk_client_callback Sets the psk client callback. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_psk_client_callback($ssl, sub { my $hint = shift; return ($identity, $key) } ); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $hint - PSK identity hint send by the server # $identity - PSK identity # $key - PSK key, hex string without the leading 0x, e.g. deadbeef # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_psk_client_callback.html
• set_purpose my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_purpose($ssl, $purpose); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure For more info about available $purpose identifiers see CTX_set_purpose.
• set_quiet_shutdown Sets the ’quiet shutdown’ flag for $ssl to be $mode. Net::SSLeay::set_quiet_shutdown($ssl, $mode); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $mode - 0 or 1 # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html
• set_session Set a TLS/SSL session to be used during TLS/SSL connect. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_session($to, $ses); # $to - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $ses - value corresponding to openssls SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_session.html

• set_session_id_context Sets the context $sid_ctx of length $sid_ctx_len within which a session can be reused for the $ssl object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_session_id_context($ssl, $sid_ctx, $sid_ctx_len); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure

  http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context.html

• set_session_secret_cb Setup pre-shared secret session resumption function. Net::SSLeay::set_session_secret_cb($ssl, $func, $data); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $func - perl reference to callback function # $data - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: no return value The callback function will be called like: callback_function($secret, $ciphers, $pref_cipher, $data); # $secret is the current master session key, usually all 0s at the beginning of a session # $ciphers is ref to an array of peer cipher names # $pref_cipher is a ref to an index into the list of cipher names of # the preferred cipher. Set it if you want to specify a preferred cipher # $data is the data passed to set_session_secret_cb The callback function should return 1 if it likes the suggested cipher (or has selected an alternative by setting pref_cipher), else it should return 0 (in which case OpenSSL will select its own preferred cipher). With OpenSSL 1.1 and later, callback_function can change the master key for the session by altering $secret and returning 1.
• CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_getkey_cb Setup encryption for TLS session tickets (stateless session reuse). Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_getkey_cb($ctx, $func, $data); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $func - perl reference to callback function # $data - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: no return value The callback function will be called like: getkey($data,[$key_name]) -> ($key,$current_key_name) # $data is the data passed to set_session_secret_cb # $key_name is the name of the key OpenSSL has extracted from the session ticket # $key is the requested key for ticket encryption + HMAC # $current_key_name is the name for the currently valid key OpenSSL will call the function without a key name if it generates a new ticket. It then needs the callback to return the encryption+HMAC key and an identifier (key name) for this key. When OpenSSL gets a session ticket from the client it extracts the key name and calls the callback with this name as argument. It then expects the callback to return the encryption+HMAC key matching the requested key name and and also the key name which should be used at the moment. If the requested key name and the returned key name differ it means that this session ticket was created with an expired key and need to be renewed. In this case OpenSSL will call the callback again with no key name to create a new session ticket based on the old one. The key must be at least 32 byte of random data which can be created with RAND_bytes. Internally the first 16 byte are used as key in AES-128 encryption while the next 16 byte are used for the SHA-256 HMAC. The key name are binary data and must be exactly 16 byte long. Example: Net::SSLeay::RAND_bytes(my $oldkey,32); Net::SSLeay::RAND_bytes(my $newkey,32); my $oldkey_name = pack(“a16”,oldsecret); my $newkey_name = pack(“a16”,newsecret); my @keys = ( [ $newkey_name, $newkey ], # current active key [ $oldkey_name, $oldkey ], # already expired ); Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_getkey_cb($server2->_ctx, sub { my ($mykeys,$name) = @_; # return (current_key, current_key_name) if no name given return ($mykeys->[0][1],$mykeys->[0][0]) if ! $name; # return (matching_key, current_key_name) if we find a key matching # the given name for(my $i = 0; $i<@$mykeys; $i++) { next if $name ne $mykeys->[$i][0]; return ($mykeys->[$i][1],$mykeys->[0][0]); } # no matching key found return; },\@keys); This function is based on the OpenSSL function SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_key_cb but provides a simpler to use interface. For more information see http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_key_cb.html
• set_session_ticket_ext_cb Setup callback for TLS session tickets (stateless session reuse). Net::SSLeay::set_session_ticket_ext_cb($ssl, $func, $data); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $func - perl reference to callback function # $data - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: no return value The callback function will be called like: getticket($ssl,$ticket,$data) -> $return_value # $ssl is a value corresponding to openssl’s SSL structure # $ticket is a value of received TLS session ticket (can also be empty) # $data is the data passed to set_session_ticket_ext_cb # $return_value is either 0 (failure) or 1 (success) This function is based on the OpenSSL function SSL_set_session_ticket_ext_cb.
• set_session_ticket_ext Set TLS session ticket (stateless session reuse). Net::SSLeay::set_session_ticket_ext($ssl, $ticket); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $ticket - is a value of TLS session ticket which client will send (can also be empty string) # # returns: no return value The callback function will be called like: getticket($ssl,$ticket,$data) -> $return_value # $ssl is a value corresponding to openssl’s SSL structure # $ticket is a value of received TLS session ticket (can also be empty) # $data is the data passed to set_session_ticket_ext_cb # $return_value is either 0 (failure) or 1 (success) This function is based on the OpenSSL function SSL_set_session_ticket_ext_cb.
• set_shutdown Sets the shutdown state of $ssl to $mode. Net::SSLeay::set_shutdown($ssl, $mode); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $mode - (integer) shutdown mode: # 0 - No shutdown # 1 - SSL_SENT_SHUTDOWN # 2 - SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN # 3 - SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN+SSL_SENT_SHUTDOWN # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_shutdown.html
• set_ssl_method Sets a new TLS/SSL method for a particular $ssl object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_ssl_method($ssl, $method); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $method - value corresponding to openssls SSL_METHOD structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html
• set_tmp_dh Sets DH parameters to be used to be $dh. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_dh($ssl, $dh); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $dh - value corresponding to openssls DH structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html
• set_tmp_dh_callback Sets the callback function for $ssl to be used when a DH parameters are required to $dh_cb. ??? (does this function really work?) Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_dh_callback($ssl, $dh); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $dh_cb - pointer to function ??? # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html
• set_tmp_rsa Sets the temporary/ephemeral RSA key to be used in $ssl to be $rsa. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_rsa($ssl, $rsa); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $rsa - value corresponding to openssls RSA structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Example: $rsakey = Net::SSLeay::RSA_generate_key(); Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_rsa($ssl, $rsakey); Net::SSLeay::RSA_free($rsakey); Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html
• set_tmp_rsa_callback Sets the callback function for $ssl to be used when a temporary/ephemeral RSA key is required to $tmp_rsa_callback. ??? (does this function really work?) Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_rsa_callback($ssl, $tmp_rsa_callback); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $tmp_rsa_callback - (function pointer) ??? # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html
• set_trust my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_trust($ssl, $trust); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $trust - (integer) trust identifier # # returns: the original value For more details about $trust values see CTX_set_trust.
• shutdown Shuts down an active TLS/SSL connection. It sends the ’close notify’ shutdown alert to the peer. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::shutdown($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: 1 - shutdown was successfully completed # 0 - shutdown is not yet finished, # -1 - shutdown was not successful Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_shutdown.html
• state_string Returns a 6 letter string indicating the current state of the SSL object $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::state_string($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: 6-letter string Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_state_string.html
• state_string_long Returns a string indicating the current state of the SSL object $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::state_string_long($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: state strings Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_state_string.html
• set_default_passwd_cb COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0f. Not needed with LibreSSL. Sets the default password callback called when loading/storing a PEM certificate with encryption for $ssl. Net::SSLeay::set_default_passwd_cb($ssl, $func); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $func - perl reference to callback function # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb.html
• set_default_passwd_cb_userdata COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0f. Not needed with LibreSSL. Sets a pointer to userdata which will be provided to the password callback of $ssl on invocation. Net::SSLeay::set_default_passwd_cb_userdata($ssl, $userdata); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $userdata - data that will be passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb.html
• use_PrivateKey Adds $pkey as private key to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_PrivateKey($ssl, $pkey); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $pkey - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html
• use_PrivateKey_ASN1 Adds the private key of type $pk stored in $data to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_PrivateKey_ASN1($pk, $ssl, $d, $len); # $pk - (integer) key type, NID of corresponding algorithm # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $data - key data (binary) # $len - length of $data # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html

• use_PrivateKey_file Adds the first private key found in $file to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_PrivateKey_file($ssl, $file, $type);

  (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html

• use_RSAPrivateKey Adds $rsa as RSA private key to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey($ssl, $rsa); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $rsa - value corresponding to openssls RSA structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html
• use_RSAPrivateKey_ASN1 Adds RSA private key stored in $data to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey_ASN1($ssl, $data, $len); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $data - key data (binary) # $len - length of $data # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html
• use_RSAPrivateKey_file Adds the first RSA private key found in $file to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey_file($ssl, $file, $type); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html
• use_certificate Loads the certificate $x into $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_certificate($ssl, $x); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html
• use_certificate_ASN1 Loads the ASN1 encoded certificate from $data to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_certificate_ASN1($ssl, $data, $len); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $data - certificate data (binary) # $len - length of $data # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html

• use_certificate_chain_file COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0 Loads a certificate chain from $file into $ssl. The certificates must be in PEM format and must be sorted starting with the subject’s certificate (actual client or server certificate), followed by intermediate CA certificates if applicable, and ending at the highest level (root) CA. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_certificate_chain_file($ssl, $file); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $file - (string) file name #

  out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html

• use_certificate_file Loads the first certificate stored in $file into $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_certificate_file($ssl, $file, $type); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html
• get_version Returns SSL/TLS protocol name my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_version($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (string) protocol name, see OpenSSL manual for the full list # TLSv1 # TLSv1.3 Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_get_version.html
• version Returns SSL/TLS protocol version my $rv = Net::SSLeay::version($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (integer) protocol version, see OpenSSL manual for the full list # 0x0301 - TLS1_VERSION (TLSv1) # 0xFEFF - DTLS1_VERSION (DTLSv1) Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_version.html
• client_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0, not in LibreSSL Returns TLS protocol version used by the client when initiating the connection my $rv = Net::SSLeay::client_version($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (integer) protocol version, see OpenSSL manual for the full list # 0x0301 - TLS1_VERSION (TLSv1) # 0xFEFF - DTLS1_VERSION (DTLSv1) Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_client_version.html
• is_dtls COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0, not in LibreSSL my $rv = Net::SSLeay::is_dtls($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (integer) zero or one # 0 - connection is not using DTLS # 1 - connection is using DTLS Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_is_dtls.html
• want Returns state information for the SSL object $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::want($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: state # 1 - SSL_NOTHING # 2 - SSL_WRITING # 3 - SSL_READING # 4 - SSL_X509_LOOKUP Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_want.html

• write Writes data from the buffer $data into the specified $ssl connection. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, $data); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $data - data to be written #

  TLS/SSL connection # 0 - write not successful, probably the underlying connection was closed # <0 - error Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_write.html

• write_ex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL Writes data from the buffer $data into the specified $ssl connection. my ($len, $rv) = Net::SSLeay::write_ex($ssl, $data); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $data - data to be written # # returns a list: two-item list consisting of number of bytes written, # and return code from SSL_write_ex() Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_write_ex.html

• write_partial NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Writes a fragment of data in $data from the buffer $data into the specified $ssl connection. This is a non-blocking function like Net::SSLeay::write(). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::write_partial($ssl, $from, $count, $data); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $from - (integer) offset from the beginning of $data # $count - (integer) length of data to be written # $data - data buffer

  TLS/SSL connection # 0 - write not successful, probably the underlying connection was closed # <0 - error

• set_tlsext_host_name COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.8f Sets TLS servername extension on SLL object $ssl to value $name. my $rv = set_tlsext_host_name($ssl, $name); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # $name - (string) name to be set # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure

Low level API: RAND_* related functions

Check openssl doc related to RAND stuff http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/rand.html

• RAND_add Mixes the $num bytes at $buf into the PRNG state. Net::SSLeay::RAND_add($buf, $num, $entropy); # $buf - buffer with data to be mixed into the PRNG state # $num - number of bytes in $buf # $entropy - estimate of how much randomness is contained in $buf (in bytes) # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html
• RAND_seed Equivalent to RAND_add when $num = =$entropy. Net::SSLeay::RAND_seed($buf); # Perlishly figures out buf size # $buf - buffer with data to be mixed into the PRNG state # $num - number of bytes in $buf # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html
• RAND_status Gives PRNG status (seeded enough or not). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_status(); #returns: 1 if the PRNG has been seeded with enough data, 0 otherwise Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html
• RAND_bytes Puts $num cryptographically strong pseudo-random bytes into $buf. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_bytes($buf, $num); # $buf - buffer where the random data will be stored # $num - the size (in bytes) of requested random data # # returns: 1 on success, -1 if not supported by the current RAND method, or 0 on other failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/RAND_bytes.html
• RAND_priv_bytes COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.85 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.1, not in LibreSSL Puts $num cryptographically strong pseudo-random bytes into $buf. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_priv_bytes($buf, $num); # $buf - buffer where the random data will be stored # $num - the size (in bytes) of requested random data # # returns: 1 on success, -1 if not supported by the current RAND method, or 0 on other failure RAND_priv_bytes has the same semantics as RAND_bytes, but see see the documentation for more information. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/RAND_priv_bytes.html
• RAND_pseudo_bytes Puts $num pseudo-random (not necessarily unpredictable) bytes into $buf. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_pseudo_bytes($buf, $num); # $buf - buffer where the random data will be stored # $num - the size (in bytes) of requested random data # # returns: 1 if the bytes generated are cryptographically strong, 0 otherwise Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_bytes.html
• RAND_cleanup Erase the PRNG state. Net::SSLeay::RAND_cleanup(); # no args, no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_cleanup.html
• RAND_egd_bytes Queries the entropy gathering daemon EGD on socket $path for $bytes bytes. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_egd_bytes($path, $bytes); # $path - path to a socket of entropy gathering daemon EGD # $bytes - number of bytes we want from EGD # # returns: the number of bytes read from the daemon on success, and -1 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_egd.html
• RAND_file_name Generates a default path for the random seed file. my $file = Net::SSLeay::RAND_file_name($num); # $num - maximum size of returned file name # # returns: string with file name on success, (empty string) on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html
• RAND_load_file COMPATIBILITY: Is no longer functional on LibreSSL Reads $max_bytes of bytes from $file_name and adds them to the PRNG. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_load_file($file_name, $max_bytes); # $file_name - the name of file # $max_bytes - bytes to read from $file_name; -1 => the complete file is read # # returns: the number of bytes read Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html
• RAND_write_file Writes 1024 random bytes to $file_name which can be used to initialize the PRNG by calling RAND_load_file in a later session. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_write_file($file_name); # $file_name - the name of file # # returns: the number of bytes written, and -1 if the bytes written were generated without appropriate seed Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html
• RAND_poll Collects some entropy from operating system and adds it to the PRNG. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_poll(); # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure (unable to gather reasonable entropy)

Low level API: OBJ_* related functions

• OBJ_cmp Compares ASN1_OBJECT $a to ASN1_OBJECT $b. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_cmp($a, $b); # $a - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure # $b - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure # # returns: if the two are identical 0 is returned Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html
• OBJ_dup Returns a copy/duplicate of $o. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_dup($o); # $o - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html
• OBJ_nid2ln Returns long name for given NID $n. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2ln($n); # $n - (integer) NID # # returns: (string) long name e.g. commonName Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html
• OBJ_ln2nid Returns NID corresponding to given long name $n. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_ln2nid($s); # $s - (string) long name e.g. commonName
• OBJ_nid2sn Returns short name for given NID $n. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn($n); # $n - (integer) NID # # returns: (string) short name e.g. CN Example: print Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn(&Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName);
• OBJ_sn2nid Returns NID corresponding to given short name $s. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_sn2nid($s); # $s - (string) short name e.g. CN # # returns: (integer) NID Example: print “NID_commonName constant=”, &Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName; print “OBJ_sn2nid(CN)=”, Net::SSLeay::OBJ_sn2nid(CN);
• OBJ_nid2obj Returns ASN1_OBJECT for given NID $n. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2obj($n); # $n - (integer) NID # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html
• OBJ_obj2nid Returns NID corresponding to given ASN1_OBJECT $o. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2nid($o); # $o - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure # # returns: (integer) NID Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html
• OBJ_txt2obj Converts the text string s into an ASN1_OBJECT structure. If $no_name is 0 then long names (e.g. ’commonName’) and short names (e.g. ’CN’) will be interpreted as well as numerical forms (e.g. ’2.5.4.3’). If $no_name is 1 only the numerical form is acceptable. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_txt2obj($s, $no_name); # $s - text string to be converted # $no_name - (integer) 0 or 1 # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html
• OBJ_obj2txt Converts the ASN1_OBJECT a into a textual representation. Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt($a, $no_name); # $a - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure # $no_name - (integer) 0 or 1 # # returns: textual representation e.g. commonName ($no_name=0), 2.5.4.3 ($no_name=1) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html
• OBJ_txt2nid Returns NID corresponding to text string $s which can be a long name, a short name or the numerical representation of an object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_txt2nid($s); # $s - (string) e.g. commonName or CN or 2.5.4.3 # # returns: (integer) NID Example: my $nid = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_txt2nid(2.5.4.3); Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn($n); Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html

Low level API: ASN1_INTEGER_* related functions

• ASN1_INTEGER_new COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Creates a new ASN1_INTEGER structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_INTEGER structure (0 on failure)
• ASN1_INTEGER_free COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Free an allocated ASN1_INTEGER structure. Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_free($i); # $i - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_INTEGER structure # # returns: no return value
• ASN1_INTEGER_get COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns integer value of given ASN1_INTEGER object. BEWARE: If the value stored in ASN1_INTEGER is greater than max. integer that can be stored in ’long’ type (usually 32bit but may vary according to platform) then this function will return -1. For getting large ASN1_INTEGER values consider using P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec or P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_get($a); # $a - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_INTEGER structure # # returns: integer value of ASN1_INTEGER object in $a
• ASN1_INTEGER_set COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets value of given ASN1_INTEGER object to value $val BEWARE: $val has max. limit (= max. integer that can be stored in ’long’ type). For setting large ASN1_INTEGER values consider using P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec or P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_set($i, $val); # $i - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_INTEGER structure # $val - integer value # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns string with decimal representation of integer value of given ASN1_INTEGER object. Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec($i); # $i - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_INTEGER structure # # returns: string with decimal representation
• P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns string with hexadecimal representation of integer value of given ASN1_INTEGER object. Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex($i); # $i - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_INTEGER structure # # returns: string with hexadecimal representation
• P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets value of given ASN1_INTEGER object to value $val (decimal string, suitable for large integers) Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec($i, $str); # $i - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_INTEGER structure # $str - string with decimal representation # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets value of given ASN1_INTEGER object to value $val (hexadecimal string, suitable for large integers) Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex($i, $str); # $i - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_INTEGER structure # $str - string with hexadecimal representation # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure

Low level API: ASN1_STRING_* related functions

• P_ASN1_STRING_get COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns string value of given ASN1_STRING object. Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_STRING_get($s, $utf8_decode); # $s - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_STRING structure # $utf8_decode - [optional] 0 or 1 whether the returned value should be utf8 decoded (default=0) # # returns: string $string = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_STRING_get($s); #is the same as: $string = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_STRING_get($s, 0);

Low level API: ASN1_TIME_* related functions

• ASN1_TIME_new COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before my $time = ASN1_TIME_new(); # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure
• ASN1_TIME_free COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before ASN1_TIME_free($time); # $time - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure
• ASN1_TIME_set COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before ASN1_TIME_set($time, $t); # $time - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure # $t - time value in seconds since 1.1.1970 BEWARE: It is platform dependent how this function will handle dates after 2038. Although perl’s integer is large enough the internal implementation of this function is dependent on the size of time_t structure (32bit time_t has problem with 2038). If you want to safely set date and time after 2038 use function P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime.
• P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7e NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Gives ISO-8601 string representation of ASN1_TIME structure. my $datetime_string = P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime($time); # $time - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure # # returns: datetime string like 2033-05-16T20:39:37Z or on failure The output format is compatible with module DateTime::Format::RFC3339
• P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7e NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Sets time and date value of ANS1_time structure. my $rv = P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime($time, $string); # $time - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure # $string - ISO-8601 timedate string like 2033-05-16T20:39:37Z # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure The $string parameter has to be in full form like "2012-03-22T23:55:33" or "2012-03-22T23:55:33Z" or "2012-03-22T23:55:33CET". Short forms like "2012-03-22T23:55" or "2012-03-22" are not supported.
• P_ASN1_TIME_put2string COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before, has bugs with openssl-0.9.8i NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Gives string representation of ASN1_TIME structure. my $str = P_ASN1_TIME_put2string($time); # $time - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure # # returns: datetime string like May 16 20:39:37 2033 GMT
• P_ASN1_UTCTIME_put2string NOTE: deprecated function, only for backward compatibility, just an alias for P_ASN1_TIME_put2string

Low level API: X509_* related functions

• X509_new COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Allocates and initializes a X509 structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509 structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_new.html
• X509_free Frees up the X509 structure. Net::SSLeay::X509_free($a); # $a - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_new.html

• X509_check_host COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.68 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.2. X509_CHECK_FLAG_NEVER_CHECK_SUBJECT requires OpenSSL 1.1.0. Checks if the certificate Subject Alternative Name (SAN) or Subject CommonName (CN) matches the specified host name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_check_host($cert, $name, $flags, $peername); # $cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $name - host name to check # $flags (optional, default: 0) - can be the bitwise OR of: # &Net::SSLeay::X509_CHECK_FLAG_ALWAYS_CHECK_SUBJECT # &Net::SSLeay::X509_CHECK_FLAG_NO_WILDCARDS # &Net::SSLeay::X509_CHECK_FLAG_NO_PARTIAL_WILDCARDS # &Net::SSLeay::X509_CHECK_FLAG_MULTI_LABEL_WILDCARDS # &Net::SSLeay::X509_CHECK_FLAG_SINGLE_LABEL_SUBDOMAINS # &Net::SSLeay::X509_CHECK_FLAG_NEVER_CHECK_SUBJECT # $peername (optional) - If not omitted and $host matches $cert, # a copy of the matching SAN or CN from # the peer certificate is stored in $peername.

  for an internal error # -2 if the input is malformed Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_check_host.html.

• X509_check_email COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.68 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.2. Checks if the certificate matches the specified email address. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_check_email($cert, $address, $flags); # $cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $address - email address to check # $flags (optional, default: 0) - see X509_check_host() # # returns: see X509_check_host() Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_check_email.html.
• X509_check_ip COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.68 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.2. Checks if the certificate matches the specified IPv4 or IPv6 address. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_check_ip($cert, $address, $flags); # $cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $address - IP address to check in binary format, in network byte order # $flags (optional, default: 0) - see X509_check_host() # # returns: see X509_check_host() Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_check_ip.html.
• X509_check_ip_asc COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.68 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.2. Checks if the certificate matches the specified IPv4 or IPv6 address. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_check_ip_asc($cert, $address, $flags); # $cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $address - IP address to check in text representation # $flags (optional, default: 0) - see X509_check_host() # # returns: see X509_check_host() Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_check_ip_asc.html.
• X509_certificate_type COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns bitmask with type of certificate $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_certificate_type($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: (integer) bitmask with certificate type #to decode bitmask returned by this function use these constants: &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKS_DSA &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKS_EC &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKS_RSA &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_ENC &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_EXCH &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_EXP &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_SIGN &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_DH &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_DSA &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_EC &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_RSA
• X509_digest COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Computes digest/fingerprint of X509 $data using $type hash function. my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_digest($data, $type); # $data - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $type - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname() # # returns: hash value (binary) #to get printable (hex) value of digest use: print unpack(H*, $digest_value);
• X509_issuer_and_serial_hash COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sort of a checksum of issuer name and serial number of X509 certificate $x. The result is not a full hash (e.g. sha-1), it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of ’unsigned long’ (32 bits). The resulting value might differ across different openssl versions for the same X509 certificate. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_issuer_and_serial_hash($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: number representing checksum
• X509_issuer_name_hash COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sort of a checksum of issuer name of X509 certificate $x. The result is not a full hash (e.g. sha-1), it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of ’unsigned long’ (32 bits). The resulting value might differ across different openssl versions for the same X509 certificate. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_issuer_name_hash($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: number representing checksum
• X509_subject_name_hash COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sort of a checksum of subject name of X509 certificate $x. The result is not a full hash (e.g. sha-1), it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of ’unsigned long’ (32 bits). The resulting value might differ across different openssl versions for the same X509 certificate. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_subject_name_hash($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: number representing checksum
• X509_pubkey_digest COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Computes digest/fingerprint of public key from X509 certificate $data using $type hash function. my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_pubkey_digest($data, $type); # $data - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $type - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname() # # returns: hash value (binary) #to get printable (hex) value of digest use: print unpack(H*, $digest_value);
• X509_set_issuer_name COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets issuer of X509 certificate $x to $name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_issuer_name($x, $name); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $name - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_set_pubkey COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets public key of X509 certificate $x to $pkey. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_pubkey($x, $pkey); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $pkey - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_set_serialNumber COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets serial number of X509 certificate $x to $serial. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_serialNumber($x, $serial); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $serial - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_INTEGER structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure #to create $serial value use one of these: $serial = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex(45ad6f); $serial = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec(7896541238529631478); $serial = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_set(45896);
• X509_set_subject_name COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets subject of X509 certificate $x to $name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_subject_name($x, $name); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $name - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_set_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Set ’version’ value for X509 certificate $ to $version. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_version($x, $version); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $version - (integer) version number # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_sign COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sign X509 certificate $x with private key $pkey (using digest algorithm $md). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_sign($x, $pkey, $md); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $pkey - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # $md - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_verify COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Verifies X509 object $a using public key $r (pubkey of issuing CA). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_verify($x, $r); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $r - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 0 - verify failure, 1 - verify OK, <0 - error
• X509_get_ext_count COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns the total number of extensions in X509 object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext_count($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: count of extensions
• X509_get_pubkey COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns public key corresponding to given X509 object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_pubkey($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure) NOTE: This method returns only the public key’s key bits, without the algorithm or parameters. Use X509_get_X509_PUBKEY() to return the full public key (SPKI) instead.
• X509_get_X509_PUBKEY COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.72 and before Returns the full public key (SPKI) of given X509 certificate $x. Net::SSLeay::X509_get_X509_PUBKEY($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: public key data in DER format (binary)
• X509_get_serialNumber COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns serial number of X509 certificate $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_serialNumber($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_INTEGER structure (0 on failure) See P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec, P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex or ASN1_INTEGER_get to decode ASN1_INTEGER object.
• X509_get0_serialNumber COMPATIBILITY: available in Net-SSLeay-1.86 onwards X509_get0_serialNumber() is the same as X509_get_serialNumber() except it accepts a const parameter and returns a const result.
• X509_get_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns ’version’ value of given X509 certificate $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_version($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: (integer) version
• X509_get_ext Returns X509_EXTENSION from $x509 based on given position/index. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext($x509, $index); # $x509 - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $index - (integer) position/index of extension within $x509 # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_EXTENSION structure (0 on failure)
• X509_get_ext_by_NID Returns X509_EXTENSION from $x509 based on given NID. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext_by_NID($x509, $nid, $loc); # $x509 - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $nid - (integer) NID value # $loc - (integer) position to start lookup at # # returns: position/index of extension, negative value on error # call Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext($x509, $rv) to get the actual extension
• X509_get_fingerprint Returns fingerprint of certificate $cert. NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function. The implementation is basen on openssl’s X509_digest(). Net::SSLeay::X509_get_fingerprint($x509, $type); # $x509 - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $type - (string) digest type, currently supported values: # “md5” # “sha1” # “sha256” # “ripemd160” # # returns: certificate digest - hexadecimal string (NOT binary data!)
• X509_get_issuer_name Return an X509_NAME object representing the issuer of the certificate $cert. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_issuer_name($cert); # $cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
• X509_get_notAfter Return an object giving the time after which the certificate $cert is not valid. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notAfter($cert); # $cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure) To get human readable/printable form the return value you can use: my $time = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notAfter($cert); print “notAfter=”, Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime($time), “\n”;
• X509_get_notBefore Return an object giving the time before which the certificate $cert is not valid my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notBefore($cert); # $cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure) To get human readable/printable form the return value you can use: my $time = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notBefore($cert); print “notBefore=”, Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime($time), “\n”;
• X509_get_subjectAltNames NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function. Returns the list of alternative subject names from X509 certificate $cert. my @rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subjectAltNames($cert); # $cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: list containing pairs - name_type (integer), name_value (string) # where name_type can be: # 0 - GEN_OTHERNAME # 1 - GEN_EMAIL # 2 - GEN_DNS # 3 - GEN_X400 # 4 - GEN_DIRNAME # 5 - GEN_EDIPARTY # 6 - GEN_URI # 7 - GEN_IPADD # 8 - GEN_RID Note: type 7 - GEN_IPADD contains the IP address as a packed binary address. GEN_RID is available in Net-SSLeay-1.90 and later. Maximum length for returned RID string is currently 2500. Invalid and overly long RID values are skipped and not returned. GEN_X400 and GEN_EDIPARTY are not supported and will not be returned even when present in the certificate.
• X509_get_subject_name Returns the subject of the certificate $cert. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subject_name($cert); # $cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
• X509_gmtime_adj Adjust th ASN1_TIME object to the timestamp (in GMT). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_gmtime_adj($s, $adj); # $s - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure # $adj - timestamp (seconds since 1.1.1970) # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure) BEWARE: this function may fail for dates after 2038 as it is dependent on time_t size on your system (32bit time_t does not work after 2038). Consider using P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime instead).
• X509_load_cert_crl_file Takes PEM file and loads all X509 certificates and X509 CRLs from that file into X509_LOOKUP structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_load_cert_crl_file($ctx, $file, $type); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls X509_LOOKUP structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # if not FILETYPE_PEM then behaves as Net::SSLeay::X509_load_cert_file() # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_load_cert_file Loads/adds X509 certificate from $file to X509_LOOKUP structure my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_load_cert_file($ctx, $file, $type); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls X509_LOOKUP structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 #

• X509_load_crl_file Loads/adds X509 CRL from $file to X509_LOOKUP structure my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_load_crl_file($ctx, $file, $type); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls X509_LOOKUP structure

  &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure

• X509_policy_level_get0_node ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_level_get0_node($level, $i); # $level - value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_LEVEL structure # $i - (integer) index/position # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure)
• X509_policy_level_node_count ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_level_node_count($level); # $level - value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_LEVEL structure # # returns: (integer) node count
• X509_policy_node_get0_parent ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_node_get0_parent($node); # $node - value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_NODE structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure)
• X509_policy_node_get0_policy ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_node_get0_policy($node); # $node - value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_NODE structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
• X509_policy_node_get0_qualifiers ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_node_get0_qualifiers($node); # $node - value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_NODE structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(POLICYQUALINFO) structure (0 on failure)
• X509_policy_tree_free ??? (more info needed) Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_free($tree); # $tree - value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_TREE structure # # returns: no return value
• X509_policy_tree_get0_level ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_get0_level($tree, $i); # $tree - value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_TREE structure # $i - (integer) level index # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_LEVEL structure (0 on failure)
• X509_policy_tree_get0_policies ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_get0_policies($tree); # $tree - value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_TREE structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure)
• X509_policy_tree_get0_user_policies ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_get0_user_policies($tree); # $tree - value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_TREE structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure)
• X509_policy_tree_level_count ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_level_count($tree); # $tree - value corresponding to openssls X509_POLICY_TREE structure # # returns: (integer) count
• X509_verify_cert_error_string Returns a human readable error string for verification error $n. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_verify_cert_error_string($n); # $n - (long) numeric error code # # returns: error string Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html
• P_X509_add_extensions COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Adds one or more X509 extensions to X509 object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_add_extensions($x, $ca_cert, $nid, $value); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $ca_cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure (issuers cert - necessary for sertting NID_authority_key_identifier) # $nid - NID identifying extension to be set # $value - extension value # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure You can set more extensions at once: my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_add_extensions($x509, $ca_cert, &Net::SSLeay::NID_key_usage => digitalSignature,keyEncipherment, &Net::SSLeay::NID_subject_key_identifier => hash, &Net::SSLeay::NID_authority_key_identifier => keyid, &Net::SSLeay::NID_authority_key_identifier => issuer, &Net::SSLeay::NID_basic_constraints => CA:FALSE, &Net::SSLeay::NID_ext_key_usage => serverAuth,clientAuth, &Net::SSLeay::NID_netscape_cert_type => server, &Net::SSLeay::NID_subject_alt_name => DNS:s1.dom.com,DNS:s2.dom.com,DNS:s3.dom.com, );
• P_X509_copy_extensions COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Copies X509 extensions from X509_REQ object to X509 object - handy when you need to turn X509_REQ into X509 certificate. Net::SSLeay::P_X509_copy_extensions($x509_req, $x509, $override); # $x509_req - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # $x509 - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $override - (integer) flag indication whether to override already existing items in $x509 (default 1) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• P_X509_get_crl_distribution_points COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Get the list of CRL distribution points from X509 certificate. my @cdp = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_crl_distribution_points($x509); # $x509 - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: list of distribution points (usually URLs)
• P_X509_get_ext_key_usage COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Gets the list of extended key usage of given X509 certificate $cert. my @ext_usage = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($cert, $format); # $cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # $format - choose type of return values: 0=OIDs, 1=NIDs, 2=shortnames, 3=longnames # # returns: list of values Examples: my @extkeyusage_oid = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,0); # returns for example: (“1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1”, “1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2”) my @extkeyusage_nid = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,1); # returns for example: (129, 130) my @extkeyusage_sn = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,2); # returns for example: (“serverAuth”, “clientAuth”) my @extkeyusage_ln = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,3); # returns for example: (“TLS Web Server Authentication”, “TLS Web Client Authentication”)
• P_X509_get_key_usage COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Gets the list of key usage of given X509 certificate $cert. my @keyusage = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_key_usage($cert); # $cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: list of key usage values which can be none, one or more from the following list: # “digitalSignature” # “nonRepudiation” # “keyEncipherment” # “dataEncipherment” # “keyAgreement” # “keyCertSign” # “cRLSign” # “encipherOnly” # “decipherOnly”
• P_X509_get_netscape_cert_type COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Gets the list of Netscape cert types of given X509 certificate $cert. Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_netscape_cert_type($cert); # $cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: list of Netscape type values which can be none, one or more from the following list: # “client” # “server” # “email” # “objsign” # “reserved” # “sslCA” # “emailCA” # “objCA”
• P_X509_get_pubkey_alg COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns ASN1_OBJECT corresponding to X509 certificate public key algorithm. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_pubkey_alg($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure) To get textual representation use: my $alg = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt(Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_pubkey_alg($x509)); # returns for example: “rsaEncryption”
• P_X509_get_signature_alg COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns ASN1_OBJECT corresponding to X509 signarite key algorithm. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_signature_alg($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure) To get textual representation use: my $alg = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt(Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_signature_alg($x509))
• sk_X509_new_null Returns a new, empty, STACK_OF(X509) structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_new_null(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509) structure
• sk_X509_push Pushes an X509 structure onto a STACK_OF(X509) structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_push($sk_x509, $x509); # $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509) structure # $x509 - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: total number of elements after the operation, 0 on failure
• sk_X509_pop Pops an single X509 structure from a STACK_OF(X509) structure. my $x509 = NetSSLeay::sk_X509_pop($sk_x509) # $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509) structure # # returns: a pointer to an X509 structure, undef on failure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/sk_TYPE_pop.html
• sk_X509_shift Shifts an single X509 structure onto a STACK_OF(X509) structure. my $x509 = NetSSLeay::sk_X509_shift($sk_x509, $x509) # $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509) structure # $x509 - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: a pointer to an X509 structure, undef on failure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/sk_TYPE_shift.html
• sk_X509_unshift Unshifts an single X509 structure from a STACK_OF(X509) structure. my $rv = NetSSLeay::sk_X509_unshift($sk_x509) # $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509) structure # # returns: total number of elements after the operation, 0 on failure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/sk_TYPE_unshift.html
• sk_X509_insert Inserts a single X509 structure into a STACK_OF(X509) at the specified index. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_insert($sk_x509, $x509, index); # $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509) structure # $x509 - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # index - integer - 0 based index # # returns: total number of elements after the operation, 0 on failure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/sk_TYPE_insert.html
• sk_X509_delete Delete a single X509 structure from a STACK_OF(X509) at the specified index. my $x509 = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_delete($sk_x509, index); # $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509) structure # index - integer - 0 based index # # returns: a pointer to an X509 structure, undef on failure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/sk_TYPE_delete.html
• sk_X509_value Return a single X509 structure from a STACK_OF(X509) at the specified index. my $x509 = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_value($sk_x509, index) # $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509) structure # index - integer - 0 based index # # returns: a pointer to an X509 structure, undef on failure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/sk_TYPE_value.html
• sk_X509_num Return the number of X509 elements in a STACK_OF(X509). my $num = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_num($sk_x509); # $sk_x509 - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509) structure # # returns: the number of elements in the stack, -1 if the passed stack is NULL Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/sk_TYPE_num.html

Low level API: X509_REQ_* related functions

• X509_REQ_new COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Creates a new X509_REQ structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure (0 on failure)
• X509_REQ_free COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Free an allocated X509_REQ structure. Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_free($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # # returns: no return value
• X509_REQ_add1_attr_by_NID COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Adds an attribute whose name is defined by a NID $nid. The field value to be added is in $bytes. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_add1_attr_by_NID($req, $nid, $type, $bytes); # $req - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # $nid - (integer) NID value # $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below) # $bytes - data to be set # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure # values for $type - use constants: &Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_UTF8 - $bytes contains utf8 encoded data &Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_ASC - $bytes contains ASCII data
• X509_REQ_digest COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Computes digest/fingerprint of X509_REQ $data using $type hash function. my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_digest($data, $type); # $data - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # $type - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname() # # returns: hash value (binary) #to get printable (hex) value of digest use: print unpack(H*, $digest_value);
• X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Retrieve the next index matching $nid after $lastpos ($lastpos should initially be set to -1). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID($req, $nid, $lastpos=-1); # $req - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # $nid - (integer) NID value # $lastpos - [optional] (integer) index where to start search (default -1) # # returns: index (-1 if there are no more entries) Note: use P_X509_REQ_get_attr to get the actual attribute value - e.g. my $index = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID($req, $nid); my @attr_values = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_get_attr($req, $index);
• X509_REQ_get_attr_by_OBJ COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Retrieve the next index matching $obj after $lastpos ($lastpos should initially be set to -1). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_OBJ($req, $obj, $lastpos=-1); # $req - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # $obj - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure # $lastpos - [optional] (integer) index where to start search (default -1) # # returns: index (-1 if there are no more entries) Note: use P_X509_REQ_get_attr to get the actual attribute value - e.g. my $index = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID($req, $nid); my @attr_values = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_get_attr($req, $index);
• X509_REQ_get_attr_count COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns the total number of attributes in $req. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_count($req); # $req - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # # returns: (integer) items count
• X509_REQ_get_pubkey COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns public key corresponding to given X509_REQ object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_pubkey($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure)
• X509_REQ_get_subject_name COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns X509_NAME object corresponding to subject name of given X509_REQ object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_subject_name($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
• X509_REQ_get_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns ’version’ value for given X509_REQ object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_version($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # # returns: (integer) version e.g. 0 = “version 1”
• X509_REQ_set_pubkey COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets public key of given X509_REQ object $x to $pkey. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_set_pubkey($x, $pkey); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # $pkey - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_REQ_set_subject_name COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets subject name of given X509_REQ object $x to X509_NAME object $name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_set_subject_name($x, $name); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # $name - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_REQ_set_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets ’version’ of given X509_REQ object $x to $version. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_set_version($x, $version); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # $version - (integer) e.g. 0 = “version 1” # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure

• X509_REQ_sign COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sign X509_REQ object $x with private key $pk (using digest algorithm $md). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_sign($x, $pk, $md); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # $pk - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure (requestors private key)

  1 on success, 0 on failure

• X509_REQ_verify COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Verifies X509_REQ object $x using public key $r (pubkey of requesting party). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_verify($x, $r); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # $r - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 0 - verify failure, 1 - verify OK, <0 - error
• P_X509_REQ_add_extensions COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Adds one or more X509 extensions to X509_REQ object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_add_extensions($x, $nid, $value); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # $nid - NID identifying extension to be set # $value - extension value # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure You can set more extensions at once: my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_add_extensions($x509_req, &Net::SSLeay::NID_key_usage => digitalSignature,keyEncipherment, &Net::SSLeay::NID_basic_constraints => CA:FALSE, &Net::SSLeay::NID_ext_key_usage => serverAuth,clientAuth, &Net::SSLeay::NID_netscape_cert_type => server, &Net::SSLeay::NID_subject_alt_name => DNS:s1.com,DNS:s2.com, &Net::SSLeay::NID_crl_distribution_points => URI:http://pki.com/crl1,URI:http://pki.com/crl2, );
• P_X509_REQ_get_attr COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Returns attribute value for X509_REQ’s attribute at index $n. Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_get_attr($req, $n); # $req - value corresponding to openssls X509_REQ structure # $n - (integer) attribute index # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_STRING structure

Low level API: X509_CRL_* related functions

• X509_CRL_new COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Creates a new X509_CRL structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure (0 on failure)
• X509_CRL_free COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Free an allocated X509_CRL structure. Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_free($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # # returns: no return value
• X509_CRL_digest COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Computes digest/fingerprint of X509_CRL $data using $type hash function. my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_digest($data, $type); # $data - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # $type - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname() # # returns: hash value (binary) Example: my $x509_crl my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname(“sha1”); my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_digest($x509_crl, $md); #to get printable (hex) value of digest use: print “digest=”, unpack(H*, $digest_value), “\n”;

• X509_CRL_get_ext COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.54 and before Returns X509_EXTENSION from $x509 based on given position/index. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_ext($x509, $index);

  $index - (integer) position/index of extension within $x509 # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_EXTENSION structure (0 on failure)

• X509_CRL_get_ext_by_NID COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.54 and before Returns X509_EXTENSION from $x509 based on given NID. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_ext_by_NID($x509, $nid, $loc); # $x509 - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # $nid - (integer) NID value # $loc - (integer) position to start lookup at # # returns: position/index of extension, negative value on error # call Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_ext($x509, $rv) to get the actual extension
• X509_CRL_get_ext_count COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.54 and before Returns the total number of extensions in X509_CRL object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_ext_count($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # # returns: count of extensions
• X509_CRL_get_issuer COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns X509_NAME object corresponding to the issuer of X509_CRL $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_issuer($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure (0 on failure) See other X509_NAME_* functions to get more info from X509_NAME structure.
• X509_CRL_get_lastUpdate COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns ’lastUpdate’ date-time value of X509_CRL object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_lastUpdate($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure)
• X509_CRL_get_nextUpdate COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns ’nextUpdate’ date-time value of X509_CRL object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_nextUpdate($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure)
• X509_CRL_get_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns ’version’ value of given X509_CRL structure $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_version($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # # returns: (integer) version
• X509_CRL_set_issuer_name COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Sets the issuer of X509_CRL object $x to X509_NAME object $name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_issuer_name($x, $name); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # $name - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_CRL_set_lastUpdate COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Sets ’lastUpdate’ value of X509_CRL object $x to $tm. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_lastUpdate($x, $tm); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # $tm - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_CRL_set_nextUpdate COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Sets ’nextUpdate’ value of X509_CRL object $x to $tm. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_nextUpdate($x, $tm); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # $tm - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_CRL_set_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Sets ’version’ value of given X509_CRL structure $x to $version. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_version($x, $version); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # $version - (integer) version number (1 = version 2 CRL) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Note that if you want to use any X509_CRL extension you need to set version 2 CRL - Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_version($x, 1).

• X509_CRL_sign COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sign X509_CRL object $x with private key $pkey (using digest algorithm $md). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_sign($x, $pkey, $md); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure

  value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure

• X509_CRL_sort COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Sorts the data of X509_CRL object so it will be written in serial number order. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_sort($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_CRL_verify COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Verifies X509_CRL object $a using public key $r (pubkey of issuing CA). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_verify($a, $r); # $a - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # $r - value corresponding to openssls EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 0 - verify failure, 1 - verify OK, <0 - error
• P_X509_CRL_add_revoked_serial_hex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Adds given serial number $serial_hex to X509_CRL object $crl. Net::SSLeay::P_X509_CRL_add_revoked_serial_hex($crl, $serial_hex, $rev_time, $reason_code, $comp_time); # $crl - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # $serial_hex - string (hexadecimal) representation of serial number # $rev_time - (revocation time) value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure # $reason_code - [optional] (integer) reason code (see below) - default 0 # $comp_time - [optional] (compromise time) value corresponding to openssls ASN1_TIME structure # # returns: no return value reason codes: 0 - unspecified 1 - keyCompromise 2 - CACompromise 3 - affiliationChanged 4 - superseded 5 - cessationOfOperation 6 - certificateHold 7 - removeFromCRL
• P_X509_CRL_get_serial COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Returns serial number of X509_CRL object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_CRL_get_serial($crl); # $crl - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_INTEGER structure (0 on failure)
• P_X509_CRL_set_serial COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Sets serial number of X509_CRL object to $crl_number. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_CRL_set_serial($crl, $crl_number); # $crl - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # $crl_number - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_INTEGER structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• P_X509_CRL_add_extensions COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.88 and before Adds one or more X509 extensions to X509 CRL object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_CRL_add_extensions($x, $ca_cert, $nid, $value); # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 CRL structure # $ca_cert - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure (issuers cert - necessary for sertting NID_authority_key_identifier) # $nid - NID identifying extension to be set # $value - extension value # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure For more details see P_X509_add_extensions.

Low level API: X509_EXTENSION_* related functions

• X509_EXTENSION_get_critical COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns ’critical’ flag of given X509_EXTENSION object $ex. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_EXTENSION_get_critical($ex); # $ex - value corresponding to openssls X509_EXTENSION structure # # returns: (integer) 1 - critical, 0 - noncritical
• X509_EXTENSION_get_data COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns value (raw data) of X509_EXTENSION object $ne. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_EXTENSION_get_data($ne); # $ne - value corresponding to openssls X509_EXTENSION structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OCTET_STRING structure (0 on failure) Note: you can use P_ASN1_STRING_get to convert ASN1_OCTET_STRING into perl scalar variable.
• X509_EXTENSION_get_object COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns OID (ASN1_OBJECT) of X509_EXTENSION object $ne. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_EXTENSION_get_object($ex); # $ex - value corresponding to openssls X509_EXTENSION structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
• X509V3_EXT_print COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns string representation of given X509_EXTENSION object $ext. Net::SSLeay::X509V3_EXT_print($ext, $flags, $utf8_decode); # $ext - value corresponding to openssls X509_EXTENSION structure # $flags - [optional] (integer) Currently the flag argument is unused and should be set to 0 # $utf8_decode - [optional] 0 or 1 whether the returned value should be utf8 decoded (default=0) # # returns: no return value
• X509V3_EXT_d2i Parses an extension and returns its internal structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509V3_EXT_d2i($ext); # $ext - value corresponding to openssls X509_EXTENSION structure # # returns: pointer ???

Low level API: X509_NAME_* related functions

• X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Retrieves the field value of $ne in and ASN1_STRING structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data($ne); # $ne - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME_ENTRY structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_STRING structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object.html
• X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Retrieves the field name of $ne in and ASN1_OBJECT structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object($ne); # $ne - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME_ENTRY structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object.html
• X509_NAME_new COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.5 Creates a new X509_NAME structure. Adds a field whose name is defined by a string $field. The field value to be added is in $bytes. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
• X509_NAME_hash COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.5 Sort of a checksum of issuer name $name. The result is not a full hash (e.g. sha-1), it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of ’unsigned long’ (32 bits). The resulting value might differ across different openssl versions for the same X509 certificate. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_hash($name); # $name - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # # returns: number representing checksum

• X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.5 Adds a field whose name is defined by a string $field. The field value to be added is in $bytes. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt($name, $field, $type, $bytes, $len, $loc, $set); # $name - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # $field - (string) field definition (name) - e.g. “organizationName” # $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below) # $bytes - data to be set # $loc - [optional] (integer) index where the new entry is inserted: if it is -1 (default) it is appended

  it is 0 (default) a new RDN is created # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure # values for $type - use constants: &Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_UTF8 - $bytes contains utf8 encoded data &Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_ASC - $bytes contains ASCII data Unicode note: when passing non-ascii (unicode) string in $bytes do not forget to set $flags = &Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_UTF8 and encode the perl $string via $bytes = encode(utf-8, $string). Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html

• X509_NAME_add_entry_by_NID COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.5 Adds a field whose name is defined by a NID $nid. The field value to be added is in $bytes. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_NID($name, $nid, $type, $bytes, $len, $loc, $set); # $name - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # $nid - (integer) field definition - NID value # $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below) # $bytes - data to be set

  if it is -1 (default) it is appended # $set - [optional] (integer) determines how the new type is added. If it is 0 (default) a new RDN is created # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html

• X509_NAME_add_entry_by_OBJ COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.5 Adds a field whose name is defined by a object (OID) $obj . The field value to be added is in $bytes. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_OBJ($name, $obj, $type, $bytes, $len, $loc, $set); # $name - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # $obj - field definition - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure # $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below) # $bytes - data to be set # $loc - [optional] (integer) index where the new entry is inserted: if it is -1 (default) it is appended

  it is 0 (default) a new RDN is created # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html

• X509_NAME_cmp COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Compares two X509_NAME obejcts. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_cmp($a, $b); # $a - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # $b - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # # returns: 0 if $a matches $b; non zero otherwise

• X509_NAME_digest COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Computes digest/fingerprint of X509_NAME $data using $type hash function. my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_digest($data, $type); # $data - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure

  via EVP_get_digestbyname() # # returns: hash value (binary) #to get printable (hex) value of digest use: print unpack(H*, $digest_value);

• X509_NAME_entry_count COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns the total number of entries in $name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_entry_count($name); # $name - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # # returns: (integer) entries count Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html
• X509_NAME_get_entry COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Retrieves the X509_NAME_ENTRY from $name corresponding to index $loc. Acceptable values for $loc run from 0 to Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_entry_count($name)- 1. The value returned is an internal pointer which must not be freed. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_get_entry($name, $loc); # $name - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # $loc - (integer) index of wanted entry # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME_ENTRY structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html
• X509_NAME_print_ex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns a string with human readable version of $name. Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_print_ex($name, $flags, $utf8_decode); # $name - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # $flags - [optional] conversion flags (default XN_FLAG_RFC2253) - see below # $utf8_decode - [optional] 0 or 1 whether the returned value should be utf8 decoded (default=0) # # returns: string representation of $name #available conversion flags - use constants: &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_COMPAT &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_DN_REV &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_DUMP_UNKNOWN_FIELDS &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_ALIGN &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_LN &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_MASK &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_NONE &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_OID &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_SN &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_MULTILINE &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_ONELINE &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_RFC2253 &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_COMMA_PLUS &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_CPLUS_SPC &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_MASK &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_MULTILINE &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_SPLUS_SPC &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SPC_EQ Most likely you will be fine with default: Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_print_ex($name, &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_RFC2253); Or you might want RFC2253-like output without utf8 chars escaping: use Net::SSLeay qw/XN_FLAG_RFC2253 ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB/; my $flag_rfc22536_utf8 = (XN_FLAG_RFC2253) & (~ ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB); my $result = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_print_ex($name, $flag_rfc22536_utf8, 1); Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_print_ex.html
• X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID Retrieves the text from the first entry in name which matches $nid, if no such entry exists -1 is returned. openssl note: this is a legacy function which has various limitations which makes it of minimal use in practice. It can only find the first matching entry and will copy the contents of the field verbatim: this can be highly confusing if the target is a multicharacter string type like a BMPString or a UTF8String. Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID($name, $nid); # $name - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # $nid - NID value (integer) # # returns: text value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html
• X509_NAME_oneline Return an ASCII version of $name. Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_oneline($name); # $name - value corresponding to openssls X509_NAME structure # # returns: (string) ASCII version of $name Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_print_ex.html
• sk_X509_NAME_free Free an allocated STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure. Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_NAME_free($sk); # $sk - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure # # returns: no return value
• sk_X509_NAME_num Return number of items in STACK_OF(X509_NAME) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_NAME_num($sk); # $sk - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure # # returns: number of items

• sk_X509_NAME_value Returns X509_NAME from position $index in STACK_OF(X509_NAME) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_NAME_value($sk, $i);

  openssls X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)

• add_file_cert_subjects_to_stack Add a file of certs to a stack. All certs in $file that are not already in the $stackCAs will be added. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::add_file_cert_subjects_to_stack($stackCAs, $file); # $stackCAs - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure # $file - (string) filename # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• add_dir_cert_subjects_to_stack Add a directory of certs to a stack. All certs in $dir that are not already in the $stackCAs will be added. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::add_dir_cert_subjects_to_stack($stackCAs, $dir); # $stackCAs - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure # $dir - (string) the directory to append from. All files in this directory will be examined as potential certs. Any that are acceptable to SSL_add_dir_cert_subjects_to_stack() that are not already in the stack will be included. # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure

Low level API: X509_STORE_* related functions

• X509_STORE_CTX_new returns a newly initialised X509_STORE_CTX structure.
• X509_STORE_CTX_init X509_STORE_CTX_init() sets up an X509_STORE_CTX for a subsequent verification operation. It must be called before each call to X509_verify_cert(). Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_init($x509_store_ctx, $x509_store, $x509, $chain); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl’s X509_STORE_CTX structure (required) # $x509_store - value corresponding to openssl’s X509_STORE structure (optional) # $x509 - value corresponding to openssl’s X509 structure (optional) # $chain - value corresponding to openssl’s STACK_OF(X509) structure (optional) Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_init.html
• X509_STORE_CTX_free Frees an X509_STORE_CTX structure. Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_free($x509_store_ctx); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl’s X509_STORE_CTX structure
• X509_verify_cert The X509_verify_cert() function attempts to discover and validate a certificate chain based on parameters in ctx. A complete description of the process is contained in the verify (1) manual page. If this function returns 0, use X509_STORE_CTX_get_error to get additional error information. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_verify_cert($x509_store_ctx); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl’s X509_STORE_CTX structure # # returns: 1 if a complete chain can be built and validated, otherwise 0 Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/X509_verify_cert.html
• X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert Returns the certificate in ctx which caused the error or 0 if no certificate is relevant. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert($x509_store_ctx); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssls X509_STORE_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509 structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html
• X509_STORE_CTX_get0_cert COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.88 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.1.0pre6 or LibreSSL 2.7.0 Returns an internal pointer to the certificate being verified by the ctx. my $x509 = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get0_cert($x509_store_ctx); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssls X509_STORE_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509 structure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/X509_STORE_CTX_get0_cert.html
• X509_STORE_CTX_get1_chain Returns a returns a complete validate chain if a previous call to X509_verify_cert() is successful. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get1_chain($x509_store_ctx); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssls X509_STORE_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509) structure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/X509_STORE_CTX_get1_chain.html
• X509_STORE_CTX_get_error Returns the error code of $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_error($x509_store_ctx); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssls X509_STORE_CTX structure # # returns: (integer) error code For more info about erro code values check function get_verify_result. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html
• X509_STORE_CTX_get_error_depth Returns the depth of the error. This is a non-negative integer representing where in the certificate chain the error occurred. If it is zero it occurred in the end entity certificate, one if it is the certificate which signed the end entity certificate and so on. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_error_depth($x509_store_ctx); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssls X509_STORE_CTX structure # # returns: (integer) depth Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html
• X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_data Is used to retrieve the information for $idx from $x509_store_ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_data($x509_store_ctx, $idx); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssls X509_STORE_CTX structure # $idx - (integer) index for application specific data # # returns: pointer to ???

• X509_STORE_CTX_set_ex_data Is used to store application data at arg for idx into $x509_store_ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_set_ex_data($x509_store_ctx, $idx, $data);

  structure # $idx - (integer) ??? # $data - (pointer) ??? # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure

• X509_STORE_CTX_set_cert Sets the certificate to be verified in $x509_store_ctx to $x. Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_set_cert($x509_store_ctx, $x); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssls X509_STORE_CTX structure # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_new.html
• X509_STORE_new Returns a newly initialized X509_STORE structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl’s X509_STORE structure (0 on failure)
• X509_STORE_free Frees an X509_STORE structure Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_free($x509_store); # $x509_store - value corresponding to openssl’s X509_STORE structure
• X509_STORE_add_lookup Adds a lookup to an X509_STORE for a given lookup method. my $method = &Net::SSLeay::X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir; my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_lookup($x509_store, $method); # $method - value corresponding to openssl’s X509_LOOKUP_METHOD structure # $x509_store - value corresponding to openssl’s X509_STORE structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl’s X509_LOOKUP structure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.1/man3/X509_load_crl_file.html
• X509_STORE_CTX_set_error Sets the error code of $ctx to $s. For example it might be used in a verification callback to set an error based on additional checks. Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_set_error($x509_store_ctx, $s); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssls X509_STORE_CTX structure # $s - (integer) error id # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html
• X509_STORE_add_cert Adds X509 certificate $x into the X509_STORE $store. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_cert($store, $x); # $store - value corresponding to openssls X509_STORE structure # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509 structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_STORE_add_crl Adds X509 CRL $x into the X509_STORE $store. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_crl($store, $x); # $store - value corresponding to openssls X509_STORE structure # $x - value corresponding to openssls X509_CRL structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_STORE_set1_param ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set1_param($store, $pm); # $store - value corresponding to openssls X509_STORE structure # $pm - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure

• X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir Returns an X509_LOOKUP structure that instructs an X509_STORE to load files from a directory containing certificates with filenames in the format hash.N or crls with filenames in the format hash./*r*/N my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir();

  structure, with the hashed directory method Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.1/man3/X509_load_crl_file.html

• X509_LOOKUP_add_dir Add a directory to an X509_LOOKUP structure, usually obtained from X509_STORE_add_lookup. my $method = &Net::SSLeay::X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir; my $lookup = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_lookup($x509_store, $method); my $type = &Net::SSLeay::X509_FILETYPE_PEM; Net::SSLeay::X509_LOOKUP_add_dir($lookup, $dir, $type); # $lookup - value corresponding to openssl’s X509_LOOKUP structure # $dir - string path to a directory s# $type - constant corresponding to the type of file in the directory - can be X509_FILETYPE_PEM, X509_FILETYPE_DEFAULT, or X509_FILETYPE_ASN1

• X509_STORE_set_flags Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_flags($ctx, $flags);

  $flags - (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask) # # returns: no return value #to create $flags value use corresponding constants like $flags = Net::SSLeay::X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK(); For more details about $flags bitmask see X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.

• X509_STORE_set_purpose Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_purpose($ctx, $purpose); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls X509_STORE structure # $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier # # returns: no return value For more details about $purpose identifier check CTX_set_purpose.

• X509_STORE_set_trust Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_trust($ctx, $trust);

  $trust - (integer) trust identifier # # returns: no return value For more details about $trust identifier check CTX_set_trust.

Low Level API: X509_INFO related functions

• sk_X509_INFO_num Returns the number of values in a STACK_OF(X509_INFO) structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_INFO_num($sk_x509_info); # $sk_x509_info - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509_INFO) structure # # returns: number of values in $sk_X509_info
• sk_X509_INFO_value Returns the value of a STACK_OF(X509_INFO) structure at a given index. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_INFO_value($sk_x509_info, $index); # $sk_x509_info - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(X509_INFO) structure # $index - index into the stack # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_INFO structure at the given index
• P_X509_INFO_get_x509 Returns the X509 structure stored in an X509_INFO structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_INFO_get_x509($x509_info); # $x509_info - value corresponding to openssls X509_INFO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509 structure

Low level API: X509_VERIFY_PARAM_* related functions

• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_policy Enables policy checking (it is disabled by default) and adds $policy to the acceptable policy set. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_policy($param, $policy); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $policy - value corresponding to openssls ASN1_OBJECT structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_table ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_table($param); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add1_host COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.2-beta2 or LibreSSL 2.7.0 Adds an additional reference identifier that can match the peer’s certificate. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add1_host($param, $name); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $name - (string) name to be set # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure See also OpenSSL docs, X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host and X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_hostflags for more information, including wildcard matching. Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_clear_flags Clears the flags $flags in param. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_clear_flags($param, $flags); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $flags - (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure For more details about $flags bitmask see X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_free Frees up the X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure. Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_free($param); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: no return value
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get0_peername COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.2-beta2 or LibreSSL 2.7.0 Returns the DNS hostname or subject CommonName from the peer certificate that matched one of the reference identifiers. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get0_peername($param); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: (string) name e.g. *.example.com or undef Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_depth Returns the current verification depth. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_depth($param); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: (ineger) depth Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_flags Returns the current verification flags. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_flags($param); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask) For more details about returned flags bitmask see X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags($param, $flags); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $flags - (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure #to create $flags value use corresponding constants like $flags = Net::SSLeay::X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK(); For more details about $flags bitmask, see the OpenSSL docs below. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_inherit ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_inherit($to, $from); # $to - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $from - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_lookup Finds X509_VERIFY_PARAM by name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_lookup($name); # $name - (string) name we want to find # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure (0 on failure)
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_new Creates a new X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure (0 on failure)
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1 Sets the name of X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure $to to the same value as the name of X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure $from. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1($to, $from); # $to - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $from - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure #
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_email COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.2-beta1 or LibreSSL 2.7.0 Sets the expected RFC822 email address to email. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_email($param, $email); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $email - (string) email to be set # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.2-beta1 or LibreSSL 2.7.0 Sets the expected DNS hostname to name clearing any previously specified host name or names. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host($param, $name); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $name - (string) name to be set # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure See also OpenSSL docs, X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add1_host and X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_hostflags for more information, including wildcard matching. Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_ip COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.2-beta1 or LibreSSL 2.7.0 Sets the expected IP address to ip. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_ip($param, $ip); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $ip - (binary) 4 octet IPv4 or 16 octet IPv6 address # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_ip_asc COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.2-beta1 or LibreSSL 2.7.0 Sets the expected IP address to ipasc. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_asc($param, $ipasc); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $ip - (string) IPv4 or IPv6 address # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_name Sets the name of X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure $param to $name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_name($param, $name); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $name - (string) name to be set # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_policies Enables policy checking (it is disabled by default) and sets the acceptable policy set to policies. Any existing policy set is cleared. The policies parameter can be 0 to clear an existing policy set. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_policies($param, $policies); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $policies - value corresponding to openssls STACK_OF(ASN1_OBJECT) structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_depth Sets the maximum verification depth to depth. That is the maximum number of untrusted CA certificates that can appear in a chain. Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_depth($param, $depth); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $depth - (integer) depth to be set # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_hostflags COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.82 and before; requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.2-beta2 or LibreSSL 2.7.0 Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_hostflags($param, $flags); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $flags - (unsigned int) flags to be set (bitmask) # # returns: no return value See also OpenSSL docs, X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add1_host and X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host for more information. The flags for controlling wildcard checks and other features are defined in OpenSSL docs. Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_purpose Sets the verification purpose in $param to $purpose. This determines the acceptable purpose of the certificate chain, for example SSL client or SSL server. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_purpose($param, $purpose); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure For more details about $purpose identifier check CTX_set_purpose. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_time Sets the verification time in $param to $t. Normally the current time is used. Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_time($param, $t); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $t - (time_t) time in seconds since 1.1.1970 # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_trust Sets the trust setting in $param to $trust. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_trust($param, $trust); # $param - value corresponding to openssls X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $trust - (integer) trust identifier # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure For more details about $trust identifier check CTX_set_trust. Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html
• X509_VERIFY_PARAM_table_cleanup ??? (more info needed) Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_table_cleanup(); # # returns: no return value

Low level API: Cipher (EVP_CIPHER_*) related functions

• EVP_get_cipherbyname COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns an EVP_CIPHER structure when passed a cipher name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_cipherbyname($name); # $name - (string) cipher name e.g. aes-128-cbc, camellia-256-ecb, des-ede, … # # returns: value corresponding to openssls EVP_CIPHER structure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_EncryptInit.html

Low level API: Digest (EVP_MD_*) related functions

• OpenSSL_add_all_digests COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_all_digests(); # no args, no return value http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms.html
• P_EVP_MD_list_all COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.0 NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_EVP_MD_list_all(); # # returns: arrayref - list of available digest names The returned digest names correspond to values expected by EVP_get_digestbyname. Note that some of the digests are available by default and some only after calling OpenSSL_add_all_digests.
• EVP_get_digestbyname COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname($name); # $name - string with digest name # # returns: value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure The $name param can be: md2 md4 md5 mdc2 ripemd160 sha sha1 sha224 sha256 sha512 whirlpool Or better check the supported digests by calling P_EVP_MD_list_all.
• EVP_MD_type COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_type($md); # $md - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure # # returns: the NID (integer) of the OBJECT IDENTIFIER representing the given message digest
• EVP_MD_size COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_size($md); # $md - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure # # returns: the size of the message digest in bytes (e.g. 20 for SHA1)
• EVP_MD_CTX_md COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_md($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure

• EVP_MD_CTX_create COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Allocates, initializes and returns a digest context. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_create(); #

  complete idea behind EVP_MD_CTX looks like this example: Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_all_digests(); my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname(“sha1”); my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_create(); Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestInit($ctx, $md); while(my $chunk = get_piece_of_data()) { Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestUpdate($ctx,$chunk); } my $result = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestFinal($ctx); Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_destroy($ctx); print “digest=”, unpack(H*, $result), “\n”; #print hex value

• EVP_DigestInit_ex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Sets up digest context $ctx to use a digest $type from ENGINE $impl, $ctx must be initialized before calling this function, type will typically be supplied by a function such as EVP_get_digestbyname. If $impl is 0 then the default implementation of digest $type is used. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestInit_ex($ctx, $type, $impl); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD_CTX structure # $type - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure # $impl - value corresponding to openssls ENGINE structure # # returns: 1 for success and 0 for failure
• EVP_DigestInit COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Behaves in the same way as EVP_DigestInit_ex except the passed context $ctx does not have to be initialized, and it always uses the default digest implementation. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestInit($ctx, $type); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD_CTX structure # $type - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure # # returns: 1 for success and 0 for failure
• EVP_MD_CTX_destroy COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Cleans up digest context $ctx and frees up the space allocated to it, it should be called only on a context created using EVP_MD_CTX_create. Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_destroy($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD_CTX structure # # returns: no return value
• EVP_DigestUpdate COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestUpdate($ctx, $data); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD_CTX structure # $data - data to be hashed # # returns: 1 for success and 0 for failure
• EVP_DigestFinal_ex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Retrieves the digest value from $ctx. After calling EVP_DigestFinal_ex no additional calls to EVP_DigestUpdate can be made, but EVP_DigestInit_ex can be called to initialize a new digest operation. my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestFinal_ex($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD_CTX structure # # returns: hash value (binary) #to get printable (hex) value of digest use: print unpack(H*, $digest_value);
• EVP_DigestFinal COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Similar to EVP_DigestFinal_ex except the digest context ctx is automatically cleaned up. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestFinal($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD_CTX structure # # returns: hash value (binary) #to get printable (hex) value of digest use: print unpack(H*, $digest_value);
• MD2 COMPATIBILITY: no supported by default in openssl-1.0.0 Computes MD2 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $digest = Net::SSLeay::MD2($data); print “digest(hexadecimal)=”, unpack(H*, $digest);
• MD4 Computes MD4 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $digest = Net::SSLeay::MD4($data); print “digest(hexadecimal)=”, unpack(H*, $digest);
• MD5 Computes MD5 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $digest = Net::SSLeay::MD5($data); print “digest(hexadecimal)=”, unpack(H*, $digest);
• RIPEMD160 Computes RIPEMD160 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $digest = Net::SSLeay::RIPEMD160($data); print “digest(hexadecimal)=”, unpack(H*, $digest);
• SHA1 COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before Computes SHA1 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $digest = Net::SSLeay::SHA1($data); print “digest(hexadecimal)=”, unpack(H*, $digest);
• SHA256 COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.8 Computes SHA256 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $digest = Net::SSLeay::SHA256($data); print “digest(hexadecimal)=”, unpack(H*, $digest);
• SHA512 COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.8 Computes SHA512 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $digest = Net::SSLeay::SHA512($data); print “digest(hexadecimal)=”, unpack(H*, $digest);
• EVP_Digest COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Computes any digest from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname(“sha1”); #or any other algorithm my $digest = Net::SSLeay::EVP_Digest($data, $md); print “digest(hexadecimal)=”, unpack(H*, $digest);
• EVP_sha1 COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_sha1(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure
• EVP_sha256 COMPATIBILITY: requires at least openssl-0.9.8 my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_sha256(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure
• EVP_sha512 COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.8 my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_sha512(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure
• EVP_add_digest my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_add_digest($digest); # $digest - value corresponding to openssls EVP_MD structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 otherwise

Low level API: CIPHER_* related functions

• CIPHER_get_name COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before Returns name of the cipher used. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_name($cipher); # $cipher - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CIPHER structure # # returns: (string) cipher name e.g. DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, (NONE) if $cipher is undefined. Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html Example: my $ssl_cipher = Net::SSLeay::get_current_cipher($ssl); my $cipher_name = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_name($ssl_cipher);
• CIPHER_description COMPATIBILITY: doesn’t work correctly in Net-SSLeay-1.88 and before Returns a textual description of the cipher used. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_description($cipher); # $cipher - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CIPHER structure # # returns: (string) cipher description e.g. DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_description.html
• CIPHER_get_bits COMPATIBILITY: $alg_bits doesn’t work correctly in Net-SSLeay-1.88 and before Returns the number of secret bits used for cipher. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_bits($cipher, $alg_bits); # $cipher - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CIPHER structure # $alg_bits - [optional] empty scalar for storing additional return value # # returns: (integer) number of secret bits, 0 on error # (integer) in $alg_bits for bits processed by the chosen algorithm Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_bits.html Example: # bits and alg_bits are not equal for e.g., TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, # RFC 8422 name TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA my $alg_bits; my $bits = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_bits($cipher, $alg_bits); #my $bits = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_bits($cipher); print “bits: $bits, alg_bits: $alg_bits\n”;
• CIPHER_get_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.88 and before Returns version of SSL/TLS protocol that first defined the cipher my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_version($cipher); # $cipher - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CIPHER structure # # returns: (string) cipher name e.g. TLSv1/SSLv3 with some libraries, TLSv1.0 or TLSv1.3, (NONE) if $cipher is undefined. Check openssl doc https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_version.html

Low level API: RSA_* related functions

• RSA_generate_key Generates a key pair and returns it in a newly allocated RSA structure. The pseudo-random number generator must be seeded prior to calling RSA_generate_key. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RSA_generate_key($bits, $e, $perl_cb, $perl_cb_arg); # $bits - (integer) modulus size in bits e.g. 512, 1024, 2048 # $e - (integer) public exponent, an odd number, typically 3, 17 or 65537 # $perl_cb - [optional] reference to perl callback function # $perl_cb_arg - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: value corresponding to openssls RSA structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RSA_generate_key.html
• RSA_free Frees the RSA structure and its components. The key is erased before the memory is returned to the system. Net::SSLeay::RSA_free($r); # $r - value corresponding to openssls RSA structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RSA_new.html
• RSA_get_key_parameters Returns a list of pointers to BIGNUMs representing the parameters of the key in this order: (n, e, d, p, q, dmp1, dmq1, iqmp) Caution: returned list consists of SV pointers to BIGNUMs, which would need to be blessed as Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum for further use my (@params) = RSA_get_key_parameters($r);

Low level API: BIO_* related functions

• BIO_eof Returns 1 if the BIO has read EOF, the precise meaning of ’EOF’ varies according to the BIO type. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_eof($s); # $s - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # # returns: 1 if EOF has been reached 0 otherwise Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html
• BIO_f_ssl Returns the SSL BIO method. This is a filter BIO which is a wrapper round the OpenSSL SSL routines adding a BIO ’flavour’ to SSL I/O. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_f_ssl(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls BIO_METHOD structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html

• BIO_free Frees up a single BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio;);

  on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_new.html

• BIO_new Returns a new BIO using method $type my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new($type); # $type - value corresponding to openssls BIO_METHOD structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls BIO structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_new.html
• BIO_new_buffer_ssl_connect Creates a new BIO chain consisting of a buffering BIO, an SSL BIO (using ctx) and a connect BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_buffer_ssl_connect($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls BIO structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html
• BIO_new_file Creates a new file BIO with mode $mode the meaning of mode is the same as the stdio function fopen(). The BIO_CLOSE flag is set on the returned BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, $mode); # $filename - (string) filename # $mode - (string) opening mode (as mode by stdio function fopen) # # returns: value corresponding to openssls BIO structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_s_file.html
• BIO_new_ssl Allocates an SSL BIO using SSL_CTX ctx and using client mode if client is non zero. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_ssl($ctx, $client); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $client - (integer) 0 or 1 - indicates ssl client mode # # returns: value corresponding to openssls BIO structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html
• BIO_new_ssl_connect Creates a new BIO chain consisting of an SSL BIO (using ctx) followed by a connect BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_ssl_connect($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssls BIO structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html
• BIO_pending Return the number of pending characters in the BIOs read buffers. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_pending($s); # $s - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # # returns: the amount of pending data Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html
• BIO_wpending Return the number of pending characters in the BIOs write buffers. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_wpending($s); # $s - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # # returns: the amount of pending data Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html
• BIO_read Read the underlying descriptor. Net::SSLeay::BIO_read($s, $max); # $s - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # $max - [optional] max. bytes to read (if not specified, the value 32768 is used) # # returns: data Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_read.html
• BIO_write Attempts to write data from $buffer to BIO $b. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_write($b, $buffer); # $b - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # $buffer - data # # returns: amount of data successfully written # or that no data was successfully read or written if the result is 0 or -1 # or -2 when the operation is not implemented in the specific BIO type Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_read.html
• BIO_s_mem Return the memory BIO method function. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssls BIO_METHOD structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_s_mem.html
• BIO_ssl_copy_session_id Copies an SSL session id between BIO chains from and to. It does this by locating the SSL BIOs in each chain and calling SSL_copy_session_id() on the internal SSL pointer. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_ssl_copy_session_id($to, $from); # $to - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # $from - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html
• BIO_ssl_shutdown Closes down an SSL connection on BIO chain bio. It does this by locating the SSL BIO in the chain and calling SSL_shutdown() on its internal SSL pointer. Net::SSLeay::BIO_ssl_shutdown($ssl_bio); # $ssl_bio - value corresponding to openssls BIO structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html

Low level API: Server side Server Name Indication (SNI) support

• set_tlsext_host_name TBA
• get_servername TBA
• get_servername_type TBA
• CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback COMPATIBILITY: requires at least OpenSSL 0.9.8f This function is used in a server to support Server side Server Name Indication (SNI). Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback($ctx, $code) # $ctx - SSL context # $code - reference to a subroutine that will be called when a new connection is being initiated # # returns: no return value On the client side: use set_tlsext_host_name($ssl, $servername) before initiating the SSL connection. On the server side: Set up an additional SSL_CTX() for each different certificate; Add a servername callback to each SSL_CTX() using CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback(); The callback function is required to retrieve the client-supplied servername with get_servername(ssl). Figure out the right SSL_CTX to go with that host name, then switch the SSL object to that SSL_CTX with set_SSL_CTX(). Example: # set callback Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback($ctx, sub { my $ssl = shift; my $h = Net::SSLeay::get_servername($ssl); Net::SSLeay::set_SSL_CTX($ssl, $hostnames{$h}->{ctx}) if exists $hostnames{$h}; } ); More complete example: # … initialize Net::SSLeay my %hostnames = ( sni1 => { cert=>sni1.pem, key=>sni1.key }, sni2 => { cert=>sni2.pem, key=>sni2.key }, ); # create a new context for each certificate/key pair for my $name (keys %hostnames) { $hostnames{$name}->{ctx} = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new or die; Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cipher_list($hostnames{$name}->{ctx}, ALL); Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($hostnames{$name}->{ctx}, $hostnames{$name}->{cert}, $hostnames{$name}->{key}) or die; } # create default context my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new or die; Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cipher_list($ctx, ALL); Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($ctx, cert.pem,key.pem) or die; # set callback Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback($ctx, sub { my $ssl = shift; my $h = Net::SSLeay::get_servername($ssl); Net::SSLeay::set_SSL_CTX($ssl, $hostnames{$h}->{ctx}) if exists $hostnames{$h}; } ); # … later $s = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx); Net::SSLeay::set_fd($s, fileno($accepted_socket)); Net::SSLeay::accept($s);

Low level API: NPN (next protocol negotiation) related functions

NPN is being replaced with ALPN, a more recent TLS extension for application protocol negotiation that’s in process of being adopted by IETF. Please look below for APLN API description.

Simple approach for using NPN support looks like this:

### client side use Net::SSLeay; use IO::Socket::INET; Net::SSLeay::initialize(); my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(PeerAddr=>encrypted.google.com:443) or die; my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new() or die; Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL); Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, [http1.1,spdy/2]); my $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die; Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno($sock)) or die; Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl); warn “client:negotiated=”,Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated($ssl), “\n”; warn “client:last_status=”, Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_last_status($ssl), “\n”; ### server side use Net::SSLeay; use IO::Socket::INET; Net::SSLeay::initialize(); my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new() or die; Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL); Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($ctx, “cert.pem”, “key.pem”); Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, [spdy/2,http1.1]); my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalAddr=>localhost, LocalPort=>5443, Proto=>tcp, Listen=>20) or die; while (1) { my $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx); warn(“server:waiting for incoming connection…\n”); my $fd = $sock->accept(); Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, $fd->fileno); Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl); warn “server:negotiated=”,Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated($ssl),“\n”; my $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl); Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, “length=”.length($got)); Net::SSLeay::free($ssl); $fd->close(); } # check with: openssl s_client -connect localhost:5443 -nextprotoneg http/1.1,spdy/2

Please note that the selection (negotiation) is performed by client side, the server side simply advertise the list of supported protocols.

Advanced approach allows you to implement your own negotiation algorithm.

#see below documentation for: Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data); Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data);

Detection of NPN support (works even in older Net::SSLeay versions):

use Net::SSLeay; if (exists &Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated) { # do NPN stuff }

• CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.1 NOTE: You need CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb on client side of SSL connection. Simple usage - in this case a common negotiation algorithm (as implemented by openssl’s function SSL_select_next_proto) is used. $rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, $arrayref); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $arrayref - list of accepted protocols - e.g. [http1.0, http1.1] # # returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure Advanced usage (you probably do not need this): $rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $perl_callback_function - reference to perl function # $callback_data - [optional] data to passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure # where callback function looks like sub npn_advertised_cb_invoke { my ($ssl, $arrayref_proto_list_advertised_by_server, $callback_data) = @_; my $status; # … $status = 1; #status can be: # 0 - OPENSSL_NPN_UNSUPPORTED # 1 - OPENSSL_NPN_NEGOTIATED # 2 - OPENSSL_NPN_NO_OVERLAP return $status, [http1.1,spdy/2]; # the callback has to return 2 values } To undefine/clear this callback use: Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, undef);
• CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.1 NOTE: You need CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb on server side of SSL connection. Simple usage: $rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, $arrayref); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $arrayref - list of advertised protocols - e.g. [http1.0, http1.1] # # returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure Advanced usage (you probably do not need this): $rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $perl_callback_function - reference to perl function # $callback_data - [optional] data to passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure # where callback function looks like sub npn_advertised_cb_invoke { my ($ssl, $callback_data) = @_; # … return [http1.1,spdy/2]; # the callback has to return arrayref } To undefine/clear this callback use: Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, undef);
• P_next_proto_negotiated COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.1 Returns the name of negotiated protocol for given SSL connection $ssl. $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated($ssl) # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (string) negotiated protocol name (or undef if no negotiation was done or failed with fatal error)
• P_next_proto_last_status COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.1 Returns the result of the last negotiation for given SSL connection $ssl. $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_last_status($ssl) # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (integer) negotiation status # 0 - OPENSSL_NPN_UNSUPPORTED # 1 - OPENSSL_NPN_NEGOTIATED # 2 - OPENSSL_NPN_NO_OVERLAP

Low level API: ALPN (application layer protocol negotiation) related functions

Application protocol can be negotiated via two different mechanisms employing two different TLS extensions: NPN (obsolete) and ALPN (recommended).

The API is rather similar, with slight differences reflecting protocol specifics. In particular, with ALPN the protocol negotiation takes place on server, while with NPN the client implements the protocol negotiation logic.

With ALPN, the most basic implementation looks like this:

### client side use Net::SSLeay; use IO::Socket::INET; Net::SSLeay::initialize(); my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(PeerAddr=>encrypted.google.com:443) or die; my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new() or die; Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL); Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_alpn_protos($ctx, [http/1.1, http/2.0, spdy/3]); my $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die; Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno($sock)) or die; Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl); warn “client:selected=”,Net::SSLeay::P_alpn_selected($ssl), “\n”; ### server side use Net::SSLeay; use IO::Socket::INET; Net::SSLeay::initialize(); my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new() or die; Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL); Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($ctx, “cert.pem”, “key.pem”); Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, [http/1.1, http/2.0, spdy/3]); my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalAddr=>localhost, LocalPort=>5443, Proto=>tcp, Listen=>20) or die; while (1) { my $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx); warn(“server:waiting for incoming connection…\n”); my $fd = $sock->accept(); Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, $fd->fileno); Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl); warn “server:selected=”,Net::SSLeay::P_alpn_selected($ssl),“\n”; my $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl); Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, “length=”.length($got)); Net::SSLeay::free($ssl); $fd->close(); } # check with: openssl s_client -connect localhost:5443 -alpn spdy/3,http/1.1

Advanced approach allows you to implement your own negotiation algorithm.

#see below documentation for: Net::SSleay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data);

Detection of ALPN support (works even in older Net::SSLeay versions):

use Net::SSLeay; if (exists &Net::SSLeay::P_alpn_selected) { # do ALPN stuff }

• CTX_set_alpn_select_cb COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.2 NOTE: You need CTX_set_alpn_select_cb on server side of TLS connection. Simple usage - in this case a common negotiation algorithm (as implemented by openssl’s function SSL_select_next_proto) is used. $rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, $arrayref); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $arrayref - list of accepted protocols - e.g. [http/2.0, http/1.1, spdy/3] # # returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure Advanced usage (you probably do not need this): $rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssls SSL_CTX structure # $perl_callback_function - reference to perl function # $callback_data - [optional] data to passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure # where callback function looks like sub alpn_select_cb_invoke { my ($ssl, $arrayref_proto_list_advertised_by_client, $callback_data) = @_; # … if ($negotiated) { return http/2.0; } else { return undef; } } To undefine/clear this callback use: Net::SSleay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, undef);
• set_alpn_protos COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.2 NOTE: You need set_alpn_protos on client side of TLS connection. This adds list of supported application layer protocols to ClientHello message sent by a client. It advertises the enumeration of supported protocols: Net::SSLeay::set_alpn_protos($ssl, [http/1.1, http/2.0, spdy/3]); # returns 0 on success
• CTX_set_alpn_protos COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.2 NOTE: You need CTX_set_alpn_protos on client side of TLS connection. This adds list of supported application layer protocols to ClientHello message sent by a client. It advertises the enumeration of supported protocols: Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_alpn_protos($ctx, [http/1.1, http/2.0, spdy/3]);
• P_alpn_selected COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.2 Returns the name of negotiated protocol for given TLS connection $ssl. $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_alpn_selected($ssl) # $ssl - value corresponding to openssls SSL structure # # returns: (string) negotiated protocol name (or undef if no negotiation was done or failed with fatal error)

Low level API: DANE Support

OpenSSL version 1.0.2 adds preliminary support RFC6698 Domain Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) Transport Layer Association within OpenSSL

• SSL_get_tlsa_record_byname COMPATIBILITY: DELETED from net-ssleay, since it is not supported by OpenSSL In order to facilitate DANE there is additional interface, SSL_get_tlsa_record_byname, accepting hostname, port and socket type that returns packed TLSA record. In order to make it even easier there is additional SSL_ctrl function that calls SSL_get_tlsa_record_byname for you. Latter is recommended for programmers that wish to maintain broader binary compatibility, e.g. make application work with both 1.0.2 and prior version (in which case call to SSL_ctrl with new code returning error would have to be ignored when running with prior version). Net::SSLeay::get_tlsa_record_byname($name, $port, $type);

Low level API: Other functions

• COMP_add_compression_method Adds the compression method cm with the identifier id to the list of available compression methods. This list is globally maintained for all SSL operations within this application. It cannot be set for specific SSL_CTX or SSL objects. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::COMP_add_compression_method($id, $cm); # $id - (integer) compression method id # 0 to 63: methods defined by the IETF # 64 to 192: external party methods assigned by IANA # 193 to 255: reserved for private use # # $cm - value corresponding to openssls COMP_METHOD structure # # returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure (check the error queue to find out the reason) Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_COMP_add_compression_method.html
• DH_free Frees the DH structure and its components. The values are erased before the memory is returned to the system. Net::SSLeay::DH_free($dh); # $dh - value corresponding to openssls DH structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/DH_new.html
• FIPS_mode_set Enable or disable FIPS mode in a FIPS capable OpenSSL. Net::SSLeay:: FIPS_mode_set($enable); # $enable - (integer) 1 to enable, 0 to disable

Low level API: EC related functions

• CTX_set_tmp_ecdh TBA
• EC_KEY_free TBA
• EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name TBA
• EC_KEY_generate_key Generates a EC key and returns it in a newly allocated EC_KEY structure. The EC key then can be used to create a PKEY which can be used in calls like X509_set_pubkey. my $key = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_new(); my $ec = Net::SSLeay::EC_KEY_generate_key($curve); Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY($key,$ec); # $curve - curve name like secp521r1 or the matching Id (integer) of the curve # # returns: value corresponding to openssls EC_KEY structure (0 on failure) This function has no equivalent in OpenSSL but combines multiple OpenSSL functions for an easier interface.
• CTX_set_ecdh_auto, set_ecdh_auto These functions enable or disable the automatic curve selection on the server side by calling SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto or SSL_set_ecdh_auto respectively. If enabled the highest preference curve is automatically used for ECDH temporary keys used during key exchange. This function is no longer available for OpenSSL 1.1.0 or higher. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_ecdh_auto($ctx,1); Net::SSLeay::set_ecdh_auto($ssl,1);
• CTX_set1_curves_list, set1_curves_list These functions set the supported curves (in order of preference) by calling SSL_CTX_set1_curves_list or SSL_set1_curves_list respectively. For a TLS client these curves are offered to the server in the supported curves extension while on the server side these are used to determine the shared curve. These functions are only available since OpenSSL 1.1.0. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set1_curves_list($ctx,“P-521:P-384:P-256”); Net::SSLeay::set1_curves_list($ssl,“P-521:P-384:P-256”);
• CTX_set1_groups_list, set1_groups_list These functions set the supported groups (in order of preference) by calling SSL_CTX_set1_groups_list or SSL_set1_groups_list respectively. This is practically the same as CTX_set1_curves_list and set1_curves_list except that all DH groups can be given as supported by TLS 1.3. These functions are only available since OpenSSL 1.1.1. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set1_groups_list($ctx,“P-521:P-384:P-256”); Net::SSLeay::set1_groups_list($ssl,“P-521:P-384:P-256”);

There are many openssl constants available in Net::SSLeay. You can use them like this:

use Net::SSLeay; print &Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName; #or print Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName();

Or you can import them and use:

use Net::SSLeay qw/NID_commonName/; print &NID_commonName; #or print NID_commonName(); #or print NID_commonName;

The constants names are derived from openssl constants, however constants starting with SSL_ prefix have name with SSL_ part stripped - e.g. openssl’s constant SSL_OP_ALL is available as Net::SSleay::OP_ALL

The list of all available constant names:

ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_CTRL NID_netscape R_UNKNOWN_REMOTE_ERROR_TYPE ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB NID_netscape_base_url R_UNKNOWN_STATE ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_QUOTE NID_netscape_ca_policy_url R_X509_LIB ASN1_STRFLGS_RFC2253 NID_netscape_ca_revocation_url SENT_SHUTDOWN CB_ACCEPT_EXIT NID_netscape_cert_extension SESSION_ASN1_VERSION CB_ACCEPT_LOOP NID_netscape_cert_sequence SESS_CACHE_BOTH CB_ALERT NID_netscape_cert_type SESS_CACHE_CLIENT CB_CONNECT_EXIT NID_netscape_comment SESS_CACHE_NO_AUTO_CLEAR CB_CONNECT_LOOP NID_netscape_data_type SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL CB_EXIT NID_netscape_renewal_url SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP CB_HANDSHAKE_DONE NID_netscape_revocation_url SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE CB_HANDSHAKE_START NID_netscape_ssl_server_name SESS_CACHE_OFF CB_LOOP NID_ns_sgc SESS_CACHE_SERVER CB_READ NID_organizationName SSL3_VERSION CB_READ_ALERT NID_organizationalUnitName SSLEAY_BUILT_ON CB_WRITE NID_pbeWithMD2AndDES_CBC SSLEAY_CFLAGS CB_WRITE_ALERT NID_pbeWithMD2AndRC2_CBC SSLEAY_DIR ERROR_NONE NID_pbeWithMD5AndCast5_CBC SSLEAY_PLATFORM ERROR_SSL NID_pbeWithMD5AndDES_CBC SSLEAY_VERSION ERROR_SYSCALL NID_pbeWithMD5AndRC2_CBC ST_ACCEPT ERROR_WANT_ACCEPT NID_pbeWithSHA1AndDES_CBC ST_BEFORE ERROR_WANT_CONNECT NID_pbeWithSHA1AndRC2_CBC ST_CONNECT ERROR_WANT_READ NID_pbe_WithSHA1And128BitRC2_CBC ST_INIT ERROR_WANT_WRITE NID_pbe_WithSHA1And128BitRC4 ST_OK ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP NID_pbe_WithSHA1And2_Key_TripleDES_CBC ST_READ_BODY ERROR_ZERO_RETURN NID_pbe_WithSHA1And3_Key_TripleDES_CBC ST_READ_HEADER EVP_PKS_DSA NID_pbe_WithSHA1And40BitRC2_CBC TLS1_1_VERSION EVP_PKS_EC NID_pbe_WithSHA1And40BitRC4 TLS1_2_VERSION EVP_PKS_RSA NID_pbes2 TLS1_3_VERSION EVP_PKT_ENC NID_pbmac1 TLS1_VERSION EVP_PKT_EXCH NID_pkcs TLSEXT_STATUSTYPE_ocsp EVP_PKT_EXP NID_pkcs3 VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE EVP_PKT_SIGN NID_pkcs7 VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT EVP_PK_DH NID_pkcs7_data VERIFY_NONE EVP_PK_DSA NID_pkcs7_digest VERIFY_PEER EVP_PK_EC NID_pkcs7_encrypted VERIFY_POST_HANDSHAKE EVP_PK_RSA NID_pkcs7_enveloped V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_GOOD FILETYPE_ASN1 NID_pkcs7_signed V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_REVOKED FILETYPE_PEM NID_pkcs7_signedAndEnveloped V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_UNKNOWN F_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE NID_pkcs8ShroudedKeyBag WRITING F_CLIENT_HELLO NID_pkcs9 X509_CHECK_FLAG_ALWAYS_CHECK_SUBJECT F_CLIENT_MASTER_KEY NID_pkcs9_challengePassword X509_CHECK_FLAG_MULTI_LABEL_WILDCARDS F_D2I_SSL_SESSION NID_pkcs9_contentType X509_CHECK_FLAG_NEVER_CHECK_SUBJECT F_GET_CLIENT_FINISHED NID_pkcs9_countersignature X509_CHECK_FLAG_NO_PARTIAL_WILDCARDS F_GET_CLIENT_HELLO NID_pkcs9_emailAddress X509_CHECK_FLAG_NO_WILDCARDS F_GET_CLIENT_MASTER_KEY NID_pkcs9_extCertAttributes X509_CHECK_FLAG_SINGLE_LABEL_SUBDOMAINS F_GET_SERVER_FINISHED NID_pkcs9_messageDigest X509_FILETYPE_ASN1 F_GET_SERVER_HELLO NID_pkcs9_signingTime X509_FILETYPE_DEFAULT F_GET_SERVER_VERIFY NID_pkcs9_unstructuredAddress X509_FILETYPE_PEM F_I2D_SSL_SESSION NID_pkcs9_unstructuredName X509_LOOKUP F_READ_N NID_private_key_usage_period X509_PURPOSE_ANY F_REQUEST_CERTIFICATE NID_rc2_40_cbc X509_PURPOSE_CRL_SIGN F_SERVER_HELLO NID_rc2_64_cbc X509_PURPOSE_NS_SSL_SERVER F_SSL_CERT_NEW NID_rc2_cbc X509_PURPOSE_OCSP_HELPER F_SSL_GET_NEW_SESSION NID_rc2_cfb64 X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_ENCRYPT F_SSL_NEW NID_rc2_ecb X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_SIGN F_SSL_READ NID_rc2_ofb64 X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT F_SSL_RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT NID_rc4 X509_PURPOSE_SSL_SERVER F_SSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT NID_rc4_40 X509_PURPOSE_TIMESTAMP_SIGN F_SSL_SESSION_NEW NID_rc5_cbc X509_TRUST_COMPAT F_SSL_SESSION_PRINT_FP NID_rc5_cfb64 X509_TRUST_EMAIL F_SSL_SET_FD NID_rc5_ecb X509_TRUST_OBJECT_SIGN F_SSL_SET_RFD NID_rc5_ofb64 X509_TRUST_OCSP_REQUEST F_SSL_SET_WFD NID_ripemd160 X509_TRUST_OCSP_SIGN F_SSL_USE_CERTIFICATE NID_ripemd160WithRSA X509_TRUST_SSL_CLIENT F_SSL_USE_CERTIFICATE_ASN1 NID_rle_compression X509_TRUST_SSL_SERVER F_SSL_USE_CERTIFICATE_FILE NID_rsa X509_TRUST_TSA F_SSL_USE_PRIVATEKEY NID_rsaEncryption X509_V_ERR_AKID_ISSUER_SERIAL_MISMATCH F_SSL_USE_PRIVATEKEY_ASN1 NID_rsadsi X509_V_ERR_AKID_SKID_MISMATCH F_SSL_USE_PRIVATEKEY_FILE NID_safeContentsBag X509_V_ERR_APPLICATION_VERIFICATION F_SSL_USE_RSAPRIVATEKEY NID_sdsiCertificate X509_V_ERR_CA_KEY_TOO_SMALL F_SSL_USE_RSAPRIVATEKEY_ASN1 NID_secretBag X509_V_ERR_CA_MD_TOO_WEAK F_SSL_USE_RSAPRIVATEKEY_FILE NID_serialNumber X509_V_ERR_CERT_CHAIN_TOO_LONG F_WRITE_PENDING NID_server_auth X509_V_ERR_CERT_HAS_EXPIRED GEN_DIRNAME NID_sha X509_V_ERR_CERT_NOT_YET_VALID GEN_DNS NID_sha1 X509_V_ERR_CERT_REJECTED GEN_EDIPARTY NID_sha1WithRSA X509_V_ERR_CERT_REVOKED GEN_EMAIL NID_sha1WithRSAEncryption X509_V_ERR_CERT_SIGNATURE_FAILURE GEN_IPADD NID_shaWithRSAEncryption X509_V_ERR_CERT_UNTRUSTED GEN_OTHERNAME NID_stateOrProvinceName X509_V_ERR_CRL_HAS_EXPIRED GEN_RID NID_subject_alt_name X509_V_ERR_CRL_NOT_YET_VALID GEN_URI NID_subject_key_identifier X509_V_ERR_CRL_PATH_VALIDATION_ERROR GEN_X400 NID_surname X509_V_ERR_CRL_SIGNATURE_FAILURE LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER NID_sxnet X509_V_ERR_DANE_NO_MATCH MBSTRING_ASC NID_time_stamp X509_V_ERR_DEPTH_ZERO_SELF_SIGNED_CERT MBSTRING_BMP NID_title X509_V_ERR_DIFFERENT_CRL_SCOPE MBSTRING_FLAG NID_undef X509_V_ERR_EE_KEY_TOO_SMALL MBSTRING_UNIV NID_uniqueIdentifier X509_V_ERR_EMAIL_MISMATCH MBSTRING_UTF8 NID_x509Certificate X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_AFTER_FIELD MIN_RSA_MODULUS_LENGTH_IN_BYTES NID_x509Crl X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_BEFORE_FIELD MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER NID_zlib_compression X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_LAST_UPDATE_FIELD MODE_AUTO_RETRY NOTHING X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_NEXT_UPDATE_FIELD MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_INTERNALERROR X509_V_ERR_EXCLUDED_VIOLATION MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_MALFORMEDREQUEST X509_V_ERR_HOSTNAME_MISMATCH NID_OCSP_sign OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_SIGREQUIRED X509_V_ERR_INVALID_CA NID_SMIMECapabilities OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_SUCCESSFUL X509_V_ERR_INVALID_CALL NID_X500 OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_TRYLATER X509_V_ERR_INVALID_EXTENSION NID_X509 OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_UNAUTHORIZED X509_V_ERR_INVALID_NON_CA NID_ad_OCSP OPENSSL_BUILT_ON X509_V_ERR_INVALID_POLICY_EXTENSION NID_ad_ca_issuers OPENSSL_CFLAGS X509_V_ERR_INVALID_PURPOSE NID_algorithm OPENSSL_DIR X509_V_ERR_IP_ADDRESS_MISMATCH NID_authority_key_identifier OPENSSL_ENGINES_DIR X509_V_ERR_KEYUSAGE_NO_CERTSIGN NID_basic_constraints OPENSSL_PLATFORM X509_V_ERR_KEYUSAGE_NO_CRL_SIGN NID_bf_cbc OPENSSL_VERSION X509_V_ERR_KEYUSAGE_NO_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE NID_bf_cfb64 OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER X509_V_ERR_NO_EXPLICIT_POLICY NID_bf_ecb OP_ALL X509_V_ERR_NO_VALID_SCTS NID_bf_ofb64 OP_ALLOW_NO_DHE_KEX X509_V_ERR_OCSP_CERT_UNKNOWN NID_cast5_cbc OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION X509_V_ERR_OCSP_VERIFY_FAILED NID_cast5_cfb64 OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE X509_V_ERR_OCSP_VERIFY_NEEDED NID_cast5_ecb OP_CISCO_ANYCONNECT X509_V_ERR_OUT_OF_MEM NID_cast5_ofb64 OP_COOKIE_EXCHANGE X509_V_ERR_PATH_LENGTH_EXCEEDED NID_certBag OP_CRYPTOPRO_TLSEXT_BUG X509_V_ERR_PATH_LOOP NID_certificate_policies OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS X509_V_ERR_PERMITTED_VIOLATION NID_client_auth OP_ENABLE_MIDDLEBOX_COMPAT X509_V_ERR_PROXY_CERTIFICATES_NOT_ALLOWED NID_code_sign OP_EPHEMERAL_RSA X509_V_ERR_PROXY_PATH_LENGTH_EXCEEDED NID_commonName OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT X509_V_ERR_PROXY_SUBJECT_NAME_VIOLATION NID_countryName OP_MICROSOFT_BIG_SSLV3_BUFFER X509_V_ERR_SELF_SIGNED_CERT_IN_CHAIN NID_crlBag OP_MICROSOFT_SESS_ID_BUG X509_V_ERR_STORE_LOOKUP NID_crl_distribution_points OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING X509_V_ERR_SUBJECT_ISSUER_MISMATCH NID_crl_number OP_NETSCAPE_CA_DN_BUG X509_V_ERR_SUBTREE_MINMAX NID_crl_reason OP_NETSCAPE_CHALLENGE_BUG X509_V_ERR_SUITE_B_CANNOT_SIGN_P_384_WITH_P_256 NID_delta_crl OP_NETSCAPE_DEMO_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG X509_V_ERR_SUITE_B_INVALID_ALGORITHM NID_des_cbc OP_NETSCAPE_REUSE_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG X509_V_ERR_SUITE_B_INVALID_CURVE NID_des_cfb64 OP_NON_EXPORT_FIRST X509_V_ERR_SUITE_B_INVALID_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM NID_des_ecb OP_NO_ANTI_REPLAY X509_V_ERR_SUITE_B_INVALID_VERSION NID_des_ede OP_NO_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATION X509_V_ERR_SUITE_B_LOS_NOT_ALLOWED NID_des_ede3 OP_NO_COMPRESSION X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECODE_ISSUER_PUBLIC_KEY NID_des_ede3_cbc OP_NO_ENCRYPT_THEN_MAC X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CERT_SIGNATURE NID_des_ede3_cfb64 OP_NO_QUERY_MTU X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CRL_SIGNATURE NID_des_ede3_ofb64 OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL NID_des_ede_cbc OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL_ISSUER NID_des_ede_cfb64 OP_NO_SSL_MASK X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT NID_des_ede_ofb64 OP_NO_SSLv2 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY NID_des_ofb64 OP_NO_SSLv3 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE NID_description OP_NO_TICKET X509_V_ERR_UNHANDLED_CRITICAL_CRL_EXTENSION NID_desx_cbc OP_NO_TLSv1 X509_V_ERR_UNHANDLED_CRITICAL_EXTENSION NID_dhKeyAgreement OP_NO_TLSv1_1 X509_V_ERR_UNNESTED_RESOURCE NID_dnQualifier OP_NO_TLSv1_2 X509_V_ERR_UNSPECIFIED NID_dsa OP_NO_TLSv1_3 X509_V_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_CONSTRAINT_SYNTAX NID_dsaWithSHA OP_PKCS1_CHECK_1 X509_V_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_CONSTRAINT_TYPE NID_dsaWithSHA1 OP_PKCS1_CHECK_2 X509_V_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_EXTENSION_FEATURE NID_dsaWithSHA1_2 OP_PRIORITIZE_CHACHA X509_V_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_NAME_SYNTAX NID_dsa_2 OP_SAFARI_ECDHE_ECDSA_BUG X509_V_FLAG_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS NID_email_protect OP_SINGLE_DH_USE X509_V_FLAG_CB_ISSUER_CHECK NID_ext_key_usage OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE X509_V_FLAG_CHECK_SS_SIGNATURE NID_ext_req OP_SSLEAY_080_CLIENT_DH_BUG X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK NID_friendlyName OP_SSLREF2_REUSE_CERT_TYPE_BUG X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL NID_givenName OP_TLSEXT_PADDING X509_V_FLAG_EXPLICIT_POLICY NID_hmacWithSHA1 OP_TLS_BLOCK_PADDING_BUG X509_V_FLAG_EXTENDED_CRL_SUPPORT NID_id_ad OP_TLS_D5_BUG X509_V_FLAG_IGNORE_CRITICAL NID_id_ce OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_ANY NID_id_kp READING X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_MAP NID_id_pbkdf2 RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN X509_V_FLAG_NOTIFY_POLICY NID_id_pe RSA_3 X509_V_FLAG_NO_ALT_CHAINS NID_id_pkix RSA_F4 X509_V_FLAG_NO_CHECK_TIME NID_id_qt_cps R_BAD_AUTHENTICATION_TYPE X509_V_FLAG_PARTIAL_CHAIN NID_id_qt_unotice R_BAD_CHECKSUM X509_V_FLAG_POLICY_CHECK NID_idea_cbc R_BAD_MAC_DECODE X509_V_FLAG_POLICY_MASK NID_idea_cfb64 R_BAD_RESPONSE_ARGUMENT X509_V_FLAG_SUITEB_128_LOS NID_idea_ecb R_BAD_SSL_FILETYPE X509_V_FLAG_SUITEB_128_LOS_ONLY NID_idea_ofb64 R_BAD_SSL_SESSION_ID_LENGTH X509_V_FLAG_SUITEB_192_LOS NID_info_access R_BAD_STATE X509_V_FLAG_TRUSTED_FIRST NID_initials R_BAD_WRITE_RETRY X509_V_FLAG_USE_CHECK_TIME NID_invalidity_date R_CHALLENGE_IS_DIFFERENT X509_V_FLAG_USE_DELTAS NID_issuer_alt_name R_CIPHER_TABLE_SRC_ERROR X509_V_FLAG_X509_STRICT NID_keyBag R_INVALID_CHALLENGE_LENGTH X509_V_OK NID_key_usage R_NO_CERTIFICATE_SET XN_FLAG_COMPAT NID_localKeyID R_NO_CERTIFICATE_SPECIFIED XN_FLAG_DN_REV NID_localityName R_NO_CIPHER_LIST XN_FLAG_DUMP_UNKNOWN_FIELDS NID_md2 R_NO_CIPHER_MATCH XN_FLAG_FN_ALIGN NID_md2WithRSAEncryption R_NO_PRIVATEKEY XN_FLAG_FN_LN NID_md5 R_NO_PUBLICKEY XN_FLAG_FN_MASK NID_md5WithRSA R_NULL_SSL_CTX XN_FLAG_FN_NONE NID_md5WithRSAEncryption R_PEER_DID_NOT_RETURN_A_CERTIFICATE XN_FLAG_FN_OID NID_md5_sha1 R_PEER_ERROR XN_FLAG_FN_SN NID_mdc2 R_PEER_ERROR_CERTIFICATE XN_FLAG_MULTILINE NID_mdc2WithRSA R_PEER_ERROR_NO_CIPHER XN_FLAG_ONELINE NID_ms_code_com R_PEER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CERTIFICATE_TYPE XN_FLAG_RFC2253 NID_ms_code_ind R_PUBLIC_KEY_ENCRYPT_ERROR XN_FLAG_SEP_COMMA_PLUS NID_ms_ctl_sign R_PUBLIC_KEY_IS_NOT_RSA XN_FLAG_SEP_CPLUS_SPC NID_ms_efs R_READ_WRONG_PACKET_TYPE XN_FLAG_SEP_MASK NID_ms_ext_req R_SHORT_READ XN_FLAG_SEP_MULTILINE NID_ms_sgc R_SSL_SESSION_ID_IS_DIFFERENT XN_FLAG_SEP_SPLUS_SPC NID_name R_UNABLE_TO_EXTRACT_PUBLIC_KEY XN_FLAG_SPC_EQ

The following functions are not intended for use from outside of Net::SSLeay module. They might be removed, renamed or changed without prior notice in future version.

Simply DO NOT USE THEM!

• hello
• blength
• constant

http://blogs.cisco.com/security/beat-the-beast-with-tls/ https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/10/17/mitigating-the-beast-attack-on-tls http://blog.zoller.lu/2011/09/beast-summary-tls-cbc-countermeasures.html

The BEAST attack relies on a weakness in the way CBC mode is used in SSL/TLS. In OpenSSL versions 0.9.6d and later, the protocol-level mitigation is enabled by default, thus making it not vulnerable to the BEAST attack.

Solutions:

• Compile with OpenSSL versions 0.9.6d or later, which enables SSL_OP_ALL by default
• Ensure SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS is not enabled (its not enabled by default)
• Don’t support SSLv2, SSLv3
• Actively control the ciphers your server supports with set_cipher_list:

Net::SSLeay::set_cipher_list($ssl, ’RC4-SHA:HIGH:!ADH’);

http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html

The SSL Labs vulnerability test on your SSL server might report in red:

Session resumption No (IDs assigned but not accepted)

This report is not really bug or a vulnerability, since the server will not accept session resumption requests. However, you can prevent this noise in the report by disabling the session cache altogether: Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_session_cache_mode($ssl_ctx, Net::SSLeay::SESS_CACHE_OFF()); Use 0 if you don’t have SESS_CACHE_OFF constant.

https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/10/31/tls-renegotiation-and-denial-of-service-attacks

This is not a security flaw, it is more of a DoS vulnerability.

Solutions:

• Do not support SSLv2
• Do not set the SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION option
• Compile with OpenSSL 0.9.8m or later